ORCHIDACEAE

Contains 56 genera and 120 accepted taxa overall.

This family is completely databased for all specimens.

Characteristics
ORCHIDACEAE
Monocot
-
Classification
ASPARAGALES
ORCHIDACEAE
Distribution Map Present

This species have been reported in the counties highlighted.

Genera
Genus Common Name Taxa Count Herbarium Specimens Photos
Basiphyllaea BASIPHYLLAEA 1
Beloglottis 1
Bletia BLETIA 3
Bletilla BLETILLA 1
Brassia BRASSIA 1
Bulbophyllum BULBOPHYLLUM 1
Calopogon GRASSPINK 5
Campylocentrum BENTSPUR ORCHID 1
Cleistesiopsis 2
Corallorhiza CORALROOT 2
Cranichis HELMET ORCHID 1
Cyclopogon 2
Cyrtopodium CYRTOPODIUM 2
Dendrophylax DENDROPHYLAX 2
Eltroplectris ELTROPLECTRIS 1
Encyclia BUTTERFLY ORCHID 2
Epidendrum STAR ORCHID 8
Eulophia WILD COCO 3
Galeandra HOODED ORCHID 1
Goodyera RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN 1
Govenia GOVENIA 1
Habenaria FALSE REINORCHID 4
Hexalectris CRESTED CORALROOT 1
Ionopsis VIOLET ORCHID 1
Isotria 1
Laelia LAELIA 1
Lepanthopsis LEPANTHOPSIS 1
Liparis WIDELIP ORCHID 1
Macradenia MACRADENIA 1
Malaxis ADDERSMOUTH ORCHID 2
Maxillaria TIGER ORCHID 2
Mesadenus 1
Neottia TWAYBLADE 1
Oeceoclades MONK ORCHID 1
Oncidium DANCINGLADY ORCHID 1
Orthochilus PTEROGLOSSASPIS 1
Pelexia HACHUELA 1
Phaius NUN'S-HOOD ORCHID 1
Platanthera FRINGED ORCHID 11
Platythelys JUG ORCHID 1
Pogonia POGONIA 1
Polystachya YELLOWSPIKE ORCHID 1
Ponthieva SHADOW WITCH 2
Prescottia PRESCOTT ORCHID 1
Prosthechea PROSTHECHEA 3
Sacoila LADIESTRESSES 2
Spathoglottis GROUND ORCHID 1
Spiranthes LADIESTRESSES 16
Stelis 1
Tipularia TIPULARIA 1
Tolumnia DANCINGLADY ORCHID 1
Trichocentrum MULE-EAR ONCIDIUM 2
Triphora NODDINGCAPS 5
Tropidia TROPIDIA 1
Vanilla VANILLA 5
Zeuxine ZEUXINE 1
Identification Key
1.  Lip a large and inflated pouch or sac
1.  Lip not expanded into a pouch or sac
2
2.  Plants elongate vines
2.  Plants cespitose, rhizomatous, or stoloniferous
3
3.  Plants epiphytic, sometimes in detritus at base of trunks
4
3.  Plants terrestrial, sometimes on downed, decaying logs
7
4.  Plants leafless, with photosynthetic roots
4.  Plants with leaves and roots
5
5.  Stems of elongate pseudobulbs with multiple leaf scars throughout or near the base
5.  Stems of short pseudobulbs with leaf scars confined to the tip, or without pseudobulbs
6
6.  Inflorescence terminal, subtended by leaves
6.  Inflorescence lateral or basal, not terminating the stem, sometimes subtended by leaves but with some leaves distal to the base of the peduncle
7.  Leaves plicate with several prominent longitudinal veins
7.  Leaves with only the midrib prominent, secondary veins not prominent, or leaves absent
8
8.  Leaves absent (sometimes only present when not flowering)
8.  Leaves present
9
9.  Flowers with an elongate protruding spur at base of lip, spur free from ovary
9.  Flowers without spur at base of lip or spur short and adnate to ovary
10
10.  Leaves at one mid-cauline to subterminal node; inflorescence of 1(–3, rarely) flowers
10.  Leaves basal or at more than 1 node; inflorescence of 2-100 flowers
1.  (Key A) Roots strongly flattened, uniformly grayish to green; flowers strongly 2-ranked
1.  Roots flattened and grayish to green with light speckles or striations, or roots subterete and slender; flowers not 2-ranked
1.  (Key B) Inflorescence basal
1.  Inflorescence terminal
2
2.  Leaves mostly ascending; inflorescence of 1-3 flowers, the peduncle usually level with or below the leaf tips
2.  Leaves mostly spreading to laxly recurving; inflorescence mostly of 4-50 flowers, the peduncle exserted beyond the leaves
3
3.  Pseudobulb slenderly terete, not hollow; sepals and petals often plane
3.  Pseudobulb thickly cylindric, hollow; sepals and petals often strongly undulate
1.  (Key C) Stem base a distinctly differentiated, persistent pseudobulb, the leaf blade arising from tip of a pseudobulb
2
1.  Stem base terete, sometimes with persistent leaf sheaths but not thickened into a persistent pseudobulb
4
2.  Pseudobulb terete or subglobose; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, to linear-oblong
2.  Pseudobulb compressed; leaf blade broadly elliptic, lanceolate, to narrowly lanceolate
3
3.  Pseudobulb orbicular, ovate, to elliptic; sepals and petals white to pink
3.  Pseudobulb narrowly oblong, narrowly ovoid, or orbicular; sepals and petals purplish, brownish, greenish, to yellowish, sometimes with dark markings
4.  Leaves 2-8 along an elongate stem with 3-12 nodes
4.  Leaves solitary (sometimes with 3 or more nodes) or few and mostly densely imbricate and basal
5
5.  Leaf blades linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate
6
5.  Leaf blades broadly elliptic to orbicular
8
6.  Leaf blades 10-20 mm wide; lip, petals, and sepals relatively small, generally of similar color and size
6.  Leaf blades 3-10 mm wide; lip white, with an expanded ovate blade much wider than the linear-lanceolate, mostly greenish to yellowish petals and sepals
7.  Leaves 1(2); lip white, ovate, the sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, mostly greenish to pale yellowish
7.  Leaves 2-5; lip pale pink to pink, with darker stripes alternating with pale or whitish stripes, 3-lobed, the sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, mostly brownish green
8.  Leaf blades 0.5-4 cm long (rarely longer); leaf sheaths sometimes ciliate
8.  Leaf blades 4-20 cm long (shorter in some species outside Florida); leaf sheaths glabrous
9
9.  Petiole unapparent; sepals glabrous; sepals and petals 10-30 mm long
9.  Petiole somewhat distinct, 2-3 cm long; sepals pubescent; sepals and petals 4-8 mm long
1.  (Key D) Stem base a distinctly differentiated, persistent pseudobulb, the leaf blade arising from tip of a pseudobulb
2
1.  Stem base terete, sometimes with persistent leaf sheaths but not thickened into a persistent pseudobulb or this scarcely developed
6
2.  Leaf blade to 16 cm long; inflorescence rachis, fleshy-thickened
2.  Leaf blade 12-60 cm long; inflorescence rachis not fleshy
3
3.  Inflorescence sessile or subsessile
3.  Inflorescence elongate, pedunculate, exserted
4
4.  Sepals and petals linear-lanceolate to long-caudate
4.  Sepals and petals narrowly lanceolate, elliptic, or obovate
5
5.  Sepals and petals narrowly lanceolate, brownish, reddish, yellowish, to greenish
5.  Sepals and petals yellow with brownish or purplish markings
6.  Leaf blades 2-4 times as long as wide, generally elliptic
6.  Leaf blades 4-70 times as long as wide
7
7.  Leaf blades 4-10 cm wide
7.  Leaf blades 0.2-3 cm wide
8
8.  Leaf blades lax, the upper and lower surfaces generally expanded (sometimes laterally flattened only at the very base), not equitant or scarcely so
9
8.  Leaf blades stiff, terete to laterally flattened (at least in the proximal half), often somewhat equitant, or the upper and lower surfaces generally expanded
10
9.  Plants in dense tufts of numerous stems; leaves linear to linear-oblong; sepals and petals whitish with reddish lines
9.  Plants of few stems; leaves narrowly lanceolate; sepals and petals pale greenish to yellowish
10.  Leaf blades upper and lower surfaces generally expanded (sometimes laterally flattened only at the very base), not equitant or scarcely so
10.  eaf blades terete to laterally flattened (at least in the proximal half), often equitant
11
11.  Leaves usually few (2-7) and basal; lip larger than the reduced petals and sepals
11.  Leaves usually numerous (6-30) along an elongate stem; lip subequal to much smaller than the showy petals and sepals
1.  (Key E) Leaf blades 2-4(4.5) times as long as wide, 5-15(20) cm long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate
2
1.  Leaf blades 3–60 times as long as wide, 20-100 cm long, lance-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, to linear-lanceolate
3
2.  Leaves generally basal, the blade apex rounded to abruptly short-acute; inflorescence spicate or racemose
2.  Leaves cauline, distal, the blade apex long-acute to attenuate; inflorescence usually paniculate
3.  Persistent leaf sheaths forming a conspicuous zigzag pattern where they overlap; inflorescence paniculate, branches spreading to ascending-spreading; flowers yellow
3.  Leaf sheaths withering or not forming a conspicuous zigzag pattern; inflorescence racemose, spicate, or paniculate with ascending to appressed branches; flowers not yellow
4
4.  Leaf blades ovate-lanceolate; lip usually deeply bilobed
4.  Leaf blades lance-elliptic, narrowly lanceolate, to linear-lanceolate; lip unlobed to shallowly lobed
5
5.  Leaf blades 5-20 mm wide; inflorescence bracts 14-35 mm long, subequal to longer than the flowers; sepals and petals tightly appressed and hovering over the lip
5.  Leaf blades 5-90 mm wide; inflorescence bracts 2-45 mm long, mostly shorter than the flowers; sepals and petals spreading
6
6.  Inflorescence terminal, subtended by leaves
6.  Inflorescence lateral or basal, not terminating the stem, sometimes subtended by leaves but with some leaves distal to the base of the peduncle
7
7.  Leaf blades 5-30 mm wide; petals, sepals, and lip usually pink, the lip with white or yellow lamellae or crests
7.  Leaf blades (25)30-90 mm wide; petals, sepals, and lip pink, or reddish, purplish, without lamellae or crests
8
8.  Leaf blades lance-elliptic; inflorescence bracts appressed, spathe-like; lip tubular with inrolled margins
8.  Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate; inflorescence bracts spreading, not spathe-like; lip not tubular or margins only slightly upturned
9
9.  Sepals all pointed upwards, the lateral ones geniculate and upturned, and the petals hovering over the lip, sepals and petals greenish, yellow, to brownish, the lip mostly oblong and not flared, the lip pink-red to purplish red
9.  Sepals radiating, petals spreading, sepals and petals white to pink, the lip clawed with a flared apex, the lip pink
1.  (Key F) Plants 10-30 cm tall; flowers pedicellate
1.  Plants 20-100 cm tall; flowers sessile or pedicellate
2
2.  Flowers uniformly pink to red, rarely greenish or brownish
2.  Flowers white, green, brownish, or mixed with pink and red colors
3
3.  Flowers white, densely arranged, often secund
3.  Flowers green, brownish, or partly white
4
4.  Sepals and petals 3-10 mm long
5
4.  Sepals and petals 10-30 mm long
6
5.  Rhizomes creeping, slender, 2-5 mm wide, with short, thick lateral roots; sepals and petals hooded over the lip; lip white with pink spots; leaf blades absent
5.  Rhizomes creeping, cormose, 7-15 mm wide, with elongate slender roots; sepals and petals spreading; lip greenish; leaf blade ovate, present fall-early spring, withered or absent during spring flowering
6.  Stem base pseudobulbous, with fleshy roots; sepals and petals light green; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, withered or absent during flowering
6.  Rhizomes creeping, scaly; sepals and petals whitish or yellowish with dark reddish or purplish stripes; leaf blades absent
1.  (Key G) Petiole 5-20 cm long
1.  Petiole absent or to 1 cm long
2
2.  Leaves basal and cauline, or if basal then broadly elliptic to lance-elliptic
2.  Leaves basal, generally narrowly lanceolate
1.  (Key H) Leaves whorled, (2-)5(-6); flowers 1 (rarely 2)
1.  Leaves solitary
2
2.  Lip margin crenulate; sepals brownish to greenish, linear-lanceolate, 24–65 mm long
2.  Lip margin laciniate; sepals pink or rarely white, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 14–23 mm long
1.  (Key I) Leaves 2(3), opposite, subopposite, or whorled at terminal node below inflorescence
1.  Leaves solitary or several, alternate or basal
2
2.  Leaf blade upper side with strongly whitened reticulate veins
2.  Leaf blade reticulate veins obscure or greenish
3
3.  Leaf blade strongly mottled light and dark green
3.  Leaf blade not mottled, sometimes appearing so due to contrasting veins
4
4.  Plants 5-30 cm tall; leaves several along the stem, the inflorescence ca. 1/3-1/2 of the plant height
5
4.  Plants 10-100 cm tall; leaves primarily basal, the inflorescence constituting the majority of the plant height
7
5.  Plants arising from corms or tuberous roots; leaves 0.5-2 cm long
5.  Plant with few, slender, fleshy roots; leaves 1-9 cm long
6
6.  Leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate; perianth white to greenish
6.  Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate; perianth white
7.  Leaves 20-100 cm long, numerous at the plant base; inflorescence paniculate with spreading branches
7.  Leaves solitary, few, to numerous; inflorescence racemose, or if branched, then the branches ascending to erect
7
8.  Sepals and petals 9-25 mm long, 4-10 mm wide, spreading, pink or white; leaves auriculate, deciduous
8.  Sepals and petals 2-13 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, appressed to spreading, colors various; leaves usually not articulate
9
9.  Plants arising from corms or pseudobulbs
10
9.  Plants arising from slender fibrous or fleshy roots
11
10.  Leaf blade linear-lanceolate; flowers 8-15 mm long
10.  Leaf blade broadly ovate; flowers 1-4 mm long
11.  Flowers not resupinate (lip at top)
12
11.  Flowers resupinate (lip at bottom)
14
12.  Column 0.3 mm; lip 1–2 mm; dorsal sepal 1–2.2 mm, reflexed
12.  Column 1.5–5 mm; lip 2–7 mm; dorsal sepal 3–7 mm, not reflexed
13
13.  Petals linear; lip ovate-subquadrangular, shallowly concave, white with green or pale yellow spots; column prominently winged, 1.5–2 mm
13.  Petals obliquely triangular; lip obovate to suborbiculate, deeply concave, white with 1–2 dark green spots; column slightly winged, 2.5–5 mm
14.  Flowers uniformly pink to red, rarely greenish or brownish
14.  Flowers white, green, brownish, or mixed with pink and red colors
14
15.  Petioles 10–17 cm long, pinkish, reddish, or brownish
15.  Petioles 0-10 cm or less, usually green
16
16.  Flowers white, the column and lip pink at the tip
16.  Flowers dull brownish, dull greenish brown, or green, the lip white, or mostly uniformly white without pink
17
17.  Flowers dull brownish, dull greenish brown, or green, the lip white; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate
18
17.  Flowers mostly uniformly white, rarely spotted; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, to linear-lanceolate
19
18.  Flowers generally greenish or greenish brown; petal and sepal apices not recurved; lip oblong, apex slightly flared or pandurate to oblong-ovate with apex usually fan-shaped, 5–7 mm long; column 3.5–4.5 mm long
18.  Flowers dull brownish or reddish; petal and sepal apices spreading to recurved; lip elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse-rounded, 3.5–6 mm long; column 2–2.5 mm long
19.  Lip white with central green stripe, 4-5 mm long, sagittate and 3-lobed, margins finely denticulate
19.  Lip white, centrally yellow to yellowish or greenish white, 5–7 mm, ovate to ovate-oblong and unlobed, margins erose-crisped