Solidago canadensis var. scabra

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ASTERACEAE
Species:	Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra (Muhl. ex Willd.)Torr. & A.Gray
Common Name:	CANADA GOLDENROD
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ASTERALES
Family	ASTERACEAE
Genus	Solidago
Species	Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra (Muhl. ex Willd.)Torr. & A.Gray - CANADA GOLDENROD

Citation

Citation	SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS Linnaeus, var. SCABRA (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 224. 1842
Basionym:	Solidago scabra Muhlenberg ex Willdenow 1803.
Type:	PENNSYLVANIA:

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Baker	USF
Bay	FSU
Bradford	USF
Calhoun	USF
Columbia	USF
Dixie	FSU
Escambia	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	USF
Gulf	FSU
Hamilton	FSU
Holmes	USF
Jackson	USF
Jefferson	USF
Lafayette	FSU
Lee	USF
Leon	USF
Liberty	FSU
Madison	FLAS
Marion	USF
Nassau	FLAS
Okaloosa	USF
Polk	USF
Santa Rosa	USF
Taylor	FSU
Union	FLAS
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	USF
Washington	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Doria altissima	Doria altissima (Linnaeus) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 43. 1917.	BASIONYM: Solidago altissima Linnaeus 1753.
Solidago altissima	Solidago altissima Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 878. 1753.		TYPE: Without data (lectotype: Martyn, Hist. Pl. Rar. 2: t. 14(14). 1729). Lectotypified by Reveal et al., Huntia 7: 238. 1987.
Solidago canadensis subsp. altissima	Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, subsp. altissima (Linnaeus) Bolos & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 102. 1983.	BASIONYM: Solidago altissima Linnaeus 1753.
Solidago hirsutissima	Solidago hirsutissima Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Solidago scabra	Solidago scabra Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 2059. 1803.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA:
Doria altissima var. procera	Doria altissima (Linnaeus) Lunell, var. procera (Aiton) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 43. 1917.	BASIONYM: Solidago procera Aiton 1789.
Solidago altissima var. pluricephala	Solidago altissima Linnaeus, var. pluricephala M. C. Johnston, Southw. Naturalist 14: 372. 1970.		TYPE: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: Without locality, 15 Sep 1960, Fleetwood 3321 (holotype: TEX).
Solidago altissima var. procera	Solidago altissima Linnaeus, var. procera (Aiton) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 92. 1908.	BASIONYM: Solidago procera Aiton 1789.
Solidago canadensis forma procera	Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, forma procera (Aiton) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 452. 1894.	BASIONYM: Solidago procera Aiton 1789.
Solidago canadensis var. procera	Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, var. procera (Aiton) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 224. 1842.	BASIONYM: Solidago procera Aiton 1789.
Solidago hirsutissima var. procera	Solidago hirsutissima Miller, var. procera (Aiton) W. C. Carpenter, in Dole, Fl. Vermont, ed. 3. 276. 1937.	BASIONYM: Solidago procera Aiton 1789.
Solidago lunellii	Solidago lunellii Rydberg, Brittonia 1: 101. 1931.		TYPE: NORTH DAKOTA: Benson Co.: Leeds, 13 Aug 1909, Lunell s.n. (holotype: ?).
Solidago procera	Solidago procera Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	7 & 14 Apr 1969	A. F. Clewell 2858
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8813
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	25 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9776
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	24 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8013
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	05 Oct 1982	D. W. Hall 621
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	25 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8104
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	01 Sep 1987	B. F. Hansen 11467
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	26 Nov 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2677
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	28 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8259
USA	Florida		02 Dec 1923	J. K. Small 11064	Not mapped; another Small label mix-up, this species not know south of the Big Bend.
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8920
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	08 Sep 2002	G. J. Wilder 17317	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	08 Sep 2002	G. J. Wilder 17317
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8855
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	22 Sep 2005	T. MacClendon 345
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	09 Oct 1956	R. Kral 3643
USA	Florida	Baker Co.	09 Nov 2009	C. Slaughter 17610
USA	Florida	Columbia Co.	30 Sep 2011	W. D. Longbottom 16458
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	30 Sep 2011	W. D. Longbottom 16500
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	01 Oct 2011	W. D. Longbottom 16528
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	30 Nov 1973	L. Baltzell 5653
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	26 Oct 1999	J. C. Semple 10949
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	26 Aug 2013	T. MacClendon 1317
USA	Florida	Bradford Co.	18 Oct 2014	S. Myers 1483
USA	Illinois	Champaign Co.	04 Nov 1998	S. R. Hill 31215	CULTIVATED. Originally from AR or LA.
USA	Illinois	Champaign Co.	04 Nov 1998	S. R. Hill 31214	CULTIVATED. Originally from N Arkansas.
USA	Mississippi	Pearl River Co.	28 Oct 1984	C. Hermann 471
USA	Mississippi	Hancock Co.	31 Oct 1954	D. Demaree 36266
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	12 Oct 1954	D. Demaree 36207

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.