Contains 22 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
SOLIDAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 878. 1753.
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TYPE: Solidago virgaurea Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 380. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solidago arguta var. caroliniana | CAROLINA GOLDENROD | Native UPL (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago auriculata | EARED GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago brachyphylla | DIXIE GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago caesia | BLUESTEM GOLDENROD; WREATH GOLDENROD | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago canadensis var. scabra | CANADA GOLDENROD | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago fistulosa | PINEBARREN GOLDENROD | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Solidago flaccidifolia | MOUNTAIN GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago gigantea | GIANT GOLDENROD | Native FACW (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago gracillima | VIRGINIA GOLDENROD | Native OBL (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago latissimifolia | ELLIOTT'S GOLDENROD | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Solidago leavenworthii | LEAVENWORTH'S GOLDENROD | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Solidago nemoralis | DYERSWEED GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago odora var. chapmanii | CHAPMAN'S GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago odora var. odora | ANISESCENTED GOLDENROD; SWEET GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago patula var. strictula | ROUNDLEAF GOLDENROD | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Solidago petiolaris | DOWNY RAGGED GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago puberula var. pulverulenta | DOWNY GOLDENROD | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Solidago rugosa subsp. aspera | WRINKLELEAF GOLDENROD | Native FAC (NWPL) FAC (DEP) | ||
| Solidago sempervirens | SEASIDE GOLDENROD | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Solidago stricta | WAND GOLDENROD | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Solidago tortifolia | TWISTEDLEAF GOLDENROD | Native | ||
| Solidago ulmifolia | ELMLEAF GOLDENROD | Native |
Identification Key
1. Leaf bases cordate- or auriculate-clasping around the stem
1. Leaf bases not clasping the stem
2
2. Heads axillary in small clusters subtended by leaves 2 times or more as long as the clusters (at least the proximal clusters), occasionally the clusters elongate but then subtended by leaves >6 cm long
3
2. Heads in thyrsiform, racemiform, or paniculiform arrays, the clusters subtended by reduced leafy bracts <6 cm long and subequal to shorter than the clusters
5
3. Stems erect, not glaucous, weakly or not anthocyanic; proximal to mid-cauline leaves broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 3.6–18 cm long, 1–6 cm wide
3. Stems arching, glaucous, strongly anthocyanic; proximal to mid-cauline leaves lanceolate, 5–15 cm long, 0.8–3 cm wide
4
4. Stems strongly arching; proximal midcauline leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5–15 cm long, 0.8–3 cm wide
4. Stems weakly arching; proximal midcauline leaves shorter and broadly lanceolate to rhombic, 5–9 cm long, 1.3–2.4 cm wide
5. Leaves strongly rugose-veined, the lateral and some additional veins prominent and strongly discolorous from the lower surface, impressed on the upper surface
6
5. Leaves not strongly rugose-veined, the lateral veins scarcely prominent and concolorous to slightly discolour with the lower surface, not or only scarcely impressed on the upper surface
7
6. Distal cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, not much reduced distally
6. Distal cauline leaves ovate, much reduced distally
7. Stems below inflorescence arrays glabrous to glabrate or sparsely strigose
8
7. Stems below inflorescence arrays distinctly pubescent
13
8. Basal and proximalmost cauline leaves relatively large, distal cauline leaves strict to ascending-appressed, and much reduced; leaves glabrous (sect. Maritimae)
8. Basal and proximalmost cauline leaves absent or relatively small, distal cauline leaves spreading to ascending or appressed; leaves sometimes pubescent or scabrous
9
9. Leaves scabrous or hirsute on the upper surface
10
9. Leaves glabrous to glabrate on the upper surface
11
10. Basal and proximal leaves larger than distal ones, with long, winged petioles; disc florets 5-15
10. Basal and proximal leaves subequal to slightly smaller than distal ones, with short, winged petioles; disc florets 4-7
11. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate
11. Leaves ovate, elliptic, to elliptic-lanceolate
12
12. Basal leaves usually present at flowering, long-petiolate; cauline leaf blades abruptly contracted to the petiole
12. Basal leaves usually absent at flowering, short-petiolate; cauline leaf blades cuneate at the base
13. Main panicle branches not recurved, usually not secund
14
13. Main panicle branches mostly secund and recurved
15
14. Phyllaries stipitate-glandular; ray florets (5)7-9; cypselae 3-4 mm long
14. Phyllaries not stipitate-glandular; ray florets 9-16; cypselae 0.8-1.5 mm long
15. Leaves entire, with anise-like odor when crushed
16
15. Leaves (at least some) toothed, without anise-like odor
17
16. Stems uniformly puberulent, sometimes with a short glabrous to glabrate strip below the leaf; mid-cauline leaves mostly (15)30–70 mm long, 8–20 mm wide (2–6 times as long as wide)
16. Stems puberulent in lines decurrent from distal leaf bases; mid-cauline leaves mostly 40–110 mm long, 5–15(20) mm wide (4–15 times as long as wide)
17. Proximal leaf blades mostly <6 cm long, 2-4 times longer than wide; ray florest 0-2
17. Proximal leaf blades mostly >6 cm long, 4-15 times longer than wide; ray florets 2-18
18
18. Cauline leaves long-tapering or long-cuneate at the base
19
18. Cauline leaves truncate to scarcely tapering at the base
20
19. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, 1-veined, the apex short-acute to rounded, often reduced and subentire distally
19. Leaves lanceolate, often 3-veined, the apex long-acute to acuminate, mostly rather large distally
20. Stem with mostly spreading hairs, the hairs 0.3-1 mm long (pilose, villosulous, or hirsute); leaves generally elliptic, lance-elliptic, to oblanceolate, larger ones 2.8-5 times as long as wide and with several spreading-ascending secondary veins
20. Stem with incurved, strigillose hairs, 0.1-0.3(0.5) mm long (scabrid, strigillose, to strigillose-villosulous); leaves generally linear-lanceolate to lance-oblong, 4-25 times as long as wide and with few, appressed to strict-ascending secondary veins or without distinct secondary veins
21
21. Leaves 4-10(15) cm long, the margin plane with the rest of the blade, the apex acute to acuminate, the underside with light secondary veins slightly upraised or prominulous, distinct from the darker reticulate veins; ray florest 8-15; disc florets 6-10
21. Leaves 2-6(7) cm long, the margin slightly to moderately revolute, the apex obtuse to acute, the underside without distinct secondary veins or any secondary veins dark, flat, and anastamosing with the similar reticulate veins; inflorescence rachis often softly scabrellous or strigillose-villosulous; ray florets 2-8; disc florets 2-6
1. (Key A) Distal cauline leaves numerous, large, thick to somewhat fleshy; heads in narrowly to broadly cone-shaped secund arrays, branches secund, proximal arching
1. Distal cauline leaves fewer or leaves much reduced, not fleshy to somewhat fleshy; heads in thyrsiform or wand-shaped, sometimes secund arrays, proximal branches usually short, ascending, rarely some much elongated
2
2. Basal leaves sparsely to obviously serrate; arrays sometimes with much elongate proximal arching branches
3
2. Basal leaves entire, sometimes crenate; arrays narrow, without elongate proximal branches
4
3. Basal leaves larger, oblanceolate; inflorescence arrays of many branches that grade from short to distally short to proximately mid length with the longest spreading and arching
3. Basal leaves smaller, not oblanceolate; inflorescence arrays of few long to very long lower inflorescence branches
4. Basal leaves 2-5(10) mm wide; disc florets 2-5(8)
4. Basal leaves (5)10-40 mm wide; disc florets (6)8-12
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actipsis | Actipsis Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2; 43. 1837 ("1836"). | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Dasiorima | Dasiorima Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 43. 1837 ("1836"). | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Doria | Doria Fabricius, Enum. 73. 1759. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Leioligo | Leioligo Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 42. 1837 ("1836"). | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Lepiactis | Lepiactis Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 43. 1837 ("1836"). | TYPE: Lipiactis virgata (Michaux) Rafinesque (Solidago virgata Michaux) |