Nyssa sylvatica

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	NYSSACEAE
Species:	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall
Common Name:	BLACKGUM
Status:	Native, FAC (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	CORNALES
Family	NYSSACEAE
Genus	Nyssa
Species	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall - BLACKGUM

Citation

Citation	NYSSA SYLVATICA Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 97. 1785.
Basionym:	**
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: t. 41. 1730). Lectotypified by ?

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Baker	USF
Bay	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Calhoun	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Clay	USF
Columbia	USF
Dixie	FLAS
Duval	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Escambia	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Gadsden	USF
Gulf	FTG
Hamilton	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Hernando	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Holmes	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Jackson	FTG
Jefferson	USF
Lake	FLAS
Leon	USF
Levy	FLAS
Liberty	FLAS
Madison	FSU
Manatee	USF
Marion	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Putnam	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Santa Rosa	USF
St. Johns	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Sumter	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Suwannee	FTG
Union	Lit	Lit: Burckhalter, Sida 15: 337. 1992.
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	FLAS
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Nyssa caroliniana	Nyssa caroliniana Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 507. 1798.
Nyssa multiflora	Nyssa multiflora Wangenheim, Beytr. Teut. Forstwiss. 46, pl. 16(39). 1787.
Nyssa multiflora var. sylvatica	Nyssa multiflora Wangenheim, var. sylvatica (Marshall) S. Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot. 442. 1878.	BASIONYM: Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1785.
Nyssa sylvatica var. caroliniana	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, var. caroliniana (Poiret) Fernald, Rhodora 37: 436. 1935.	BASIONYM: Nyssa caroliniana Poiret 1798.
Nyssa sylvatica var. dilatata	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, var. dilatata Fernald, Rhodora 37: 436. 1935.		TYPE: GEORGIA: Hart Co.: 4 mi. SW of Hartwell, 19 Aug 1927, Wiegand & Manning 2339 (holotype: GH).
Nyssa sylvatica var. typica	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, var. typica Fernald, Rhodora 37: 434. 1935, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1785.
Nyssa angulosa	Nyssa angulosa Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 507. 1798.
Nyssa canadensis	Nyssa canadensis Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 507. 1798.		TYPE: CANADA:
Nyssa ciliata	Nyssa ciliata Rafinesque, Atl. J. 176. 1833.
Nyssa integrifolia	Nyssa integrifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 446. 1789.
Nyssa integrifolia var. glauca	Nyssa integrifolia Aiton, var. glauca Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 614. 1807.
Nyssa multiflora	Nyssa multiflora Walter, Fl. Carol. 253. 1788, non Wangenheim 1787.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA:
Nyssa sylvatica var. aquatica	Nyssa sylvatica Marshall, var. aquatica Sargent, Gard. & Forest 2: 435. 1889.
Nyssa villosa	Nyssa villosa Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 258. 1803.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	28 Jun 1957	R. K. Godfrey 55550
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	01 Jun 1998	C. Becker WC0437
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	01 Sep 1987	B. F. Hansen 11596
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	28 Jun 1957	R. K. Godfrey 55550	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	18 May 1979	B. F. Hansen 5536
USA	Florida	Columbia Co.	02 Nov 1981	D. S. Correll 53118
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	02 Aug 1961	R. K. Godfrey 61351
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	08 Sep 1976	A.G. Shuey 1731
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	22 May 1977	J. C. Solomon 5630
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	20 Mar 1956	R. K. Godfrey 54503
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	07 Jun 1960	R. K. Godfrey 59655
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	08 May 1955	R. K. Godfrey 53243
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	05 Jun 2000	C. Slaughter 11991
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	30 Jun 1956	R. K. Godfrey 54955
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	13 Jul 1961	C. Monk s.n.
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	04 Apr 1979	A.G. Shuey 2168
USA	Florida	Baker Co.	14 Aug 2007	C. Slaughter 15815
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	05 Sep 1988	R. K. Godfrey 82859
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	10 Sep 1997	C. Becker WC0305
USA	Mississippi	Choctaw Co.	26 Jul 1958	J. D. Ray, Jr. 8648
USA	Louisiana	Washington Par.	06 Aug 1979	C. M. Allen 2710
USA	Tennessee	Dickson Co.	02 Aug 1969	R. Kral 35914
USA	Georgia	Oglethorpe Co.	19 May 1965	F. Montgomery 157
USA	Georgia	Oglethorpe Co.	19 May 1965	F. Montgomery 158
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	21 Apr 1971	M. L. Sharpe 313
USA	Mississippi	Webster Co.	21 Apr 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7532
USA	Mississippi	Jones Co.	14 Apr 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6080
USA	Alabama	Montgomery Co.	03 Jun 2014	A. R. Diamond 25148
USA	Alabama	Fayette Co.	17 Apr 1980	R. D. Whetstone 9468
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	12 Oct 1991	S. R. Hill 22698
USA	Louisiana	Winn Par.	11 Aug 1976	K. A. Vincent 167
USA	North Carolina	Orange Co.	03 May 1975	D. E. Boufford 15980
USA	Tennessee	Polk Co.	17 May 1985	E. W. Wood 4789
USA	Mississippi	Lawrence Co.	29 Jun 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6637
USA	Arkansas	Pike Co.	07 May 1955	R. Cooley 4231
USA	Georgia	DeKalb Co.	07 May 1961	R. W. Nunan 1823
USA	Georgia	De Kalb Co.	22 May 1961	M. P. Burbanck 1824
USA	Mississippi	Webster Co.	21 Apr 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7532
USA	Mississippi	Scott Co.	20 Jun 1969	S. B. Jones 17029
USA	Louisiana	Lafayette Par.	20 Apr 1964	J. W. Thieret 17132
USA	South Carolina	Greenville Co.	20 Apr 1976	C. L. Rodgers 7666
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	25 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3714
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	08 May 1973	W. P. Page 167
USA	Arkansas	Independence Co.	06 Aug 1969	R. D. Thomas 16331
USA	Louisiana	Vermilion Par.	26 Jun 1964	J. W. Thieret 17851
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	26 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3824
USA	Mississippi	Tishomingo Co.	15 Jun 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6404
USA	Alabama	Lee Co.	21 Jun 1980	L. J. Davenport 1962
USA	Louisiana	Tangipahoa Par.	07 Aug 1979	C. M. Allen 2763
USA	Florida	Lafayette Co.	21 May 1968	M. L. Gilbert 7199

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

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For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2023. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.