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ULMACEAE
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WAP
Accepted Name
AMERICAN CHESTNUT
Y
N
N
N
In Florida it was known from only one putative native population, collected by Harbison in 1917 from Crestview, Okaloosa Co. (GH). It was reported for Escambia Co. by Little, Jr. (1978), but no specimens are known. After detection of the Asian ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight) in the Bronx Zoo in 1904, in the following decades C. dentata was virtually lost from forests of eastern USA. Attempts to confer resistance to the fungus have utilized hybrids with C. mollisima backcrossed to C. dentata or inserting genes directly into C. dentata (esp. oxalate oxidase). Another pathogen, the oomycete Phytopthora cinnamomi, is also problematic for C. dentata (Steiner et al. 2016).
dentata
(Marshall)Borkh.
Accepted Name
CHINQUAPIN
Y
N
N
N
Castanea pumila s.lat. (Johnson 1988) appears to form a well supported clade (Spriggs & Fertakos 2020; Perkins et al. 2021) that encompasses a wide range of growth forms that may integrade. Kurz & Godfrey (1962) felt the two arborescent taxa were “reasonably clear-cut” and the stoloniferous taxon was definitely “not associated” with C. floridana. Further, C. pumila s.str. is apparently absent from Florida (Ashe 1922; Ward 2000). Jaynes (1964) made successful crosses between C. pumila s.str. and both C. alnifolia and C. ashei (not attempted with C. floridana).
pumila
(L.) Mill.
Accepted Name
SAND LIVE OAK
Y
N
N
N
Cavender-Bares et al. (2015) found Q. geminata to be a sister species to Q. minima, while the analysis by Hipp et al. (2017) recovered Q. virginiana as the sister species of Q. geminata.
geminata
Small
Accepted Name
SCRUB OAK
Y
Y
N
N
According to Hunt (1991: 118), the leaves of Q. inopina have quercetin 3-O-diglucoside, which is never found in Q. myrtifolia.
inopina
Ashe
Accepted Name
LAUREL OAK; DIAMOND OAK; DARLINGTON OAK
Y
N
FACW
N
N
FACW
This is a s.lat. species concept. Hunt (1991:74) characterized Q. hemisphaerica as leaves essentially evergreen, blades 3.5-5.5 x 0.7-1.6 cm, basal angle 94-244, apical angle 49-153, coriaceous, lustrous, often dentate, slightly revolute, opaque, essentially glabrous, venation more prominent adaxially, petiole 0.7-1.8 mm, twigs grayish vs. Q. laurifolia s.str. as leaves tardily deciduous, blades 6.5-8.8 x 1.8-2.6 cm, basal angle 20-130, apical angle 144-213, moderately coriaceous, moderately lustrous, never dentate, not revolute, translucent, venation more prominent abaxially, twigs reddish tinted. Hunt (1991:200) also wrote it was the "most difficult pair of taxa to assess"; "It is possible that widespread introgression occurs" and that leaves of Q. hemisphaerica from wet lowlands and of Q. laurifolia from dry uplands often resemble each other which is "particularly evident in Florida" where the two are "abundant yet highly variable" (1991:364); the two "cannot be distinguished chemically" (1991:119); and it "may not always be possible to identify individuals of these species from a single branch" and "it is often unreasonable to expect identification from a single leaf of these species" (1991:204). Monk (1965) summarized the occurrence of Q. laurifolia s.lat. in 60 communities of north peninsular Florida, reporting it as present in 85% of dry, 51% of dry-mesic, 35% of mesic, 49% of wet-mesic, and 31% of wet sites. Duncan & Duncan (1988) observed that Q. hemisphaerica flowered two weeks later in the same general area, also supported by Hunt (1991:164-165). In west-central Florida, flowering specimens of this group have been documented from Jan 28 (Perkins s.n., acc. no. 1966) through Mar 25 (Cole LR0114). The distribution of the two entities in the southeast USA is nearly identical, but Q. hemisphaerica is considered more common in xeric conditions and Q. laurifolia in more hydric conditions. Hipp et al. (2017) found samples of Q. hemisphaerica from North Carolina were more closely related to other species than to Q. laurifolia from Florida.
laurifolia
Michx.
T
Accepted Name
BASKET OAK; SWAMP CHESTNUT OAK
Y
N
FACW
N
N
FACW
michauxii
Nutt.
Accepted Name
WATER OAK
Y
N
FACW
N
N
FAC
This species can be found in a variety of habitats, from lowlands to uplands. One of its synonyms is Quercus aquatica, named by Walter in 1788. The moniker "water oak" has been in use for a long time, but may be perceived as a misnomer since the species can commonly be found in well drained uplands. When cut, trunks may exude copious water, perhaps relating to the common name.
nigra
L.
T
