Schoenoplectus pungens

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	CYPERACEAE
Species:	Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl)Palla
Common Name:	THREESQUARE BULRUSH
Status:	Native, OBL (DEP), OBL (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	CYPERACEAE
Genus	Schoenoplectus
Species	Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl)Palla - THREESQUARE BULRUSH

Citation

Citation	SCHOENOPLECTUS PUNGENS (Vahl) Palla, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38(Sitzungsber.): 49. 1888.
Basionym:	Scirpus pungens Vahl 1805.
Type:	Without data, Herb. Vahl s.n. (holotype: C).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Bay	FSU
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Collier	FNPS
Duval	FLAS
Escambia	UWFP
Franklin	USF
Glades	USF
Gulf	USF
Hendry	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Levy	FLAS
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Nassau	FLAS
Okaloosa	FLAS
Okeechobee	USF
Orange	USF
Osceola	FLAS
Palm Beach	USF
Polk	FLAS
Putnam	USF
Santa Rosa	FSU
Sarasota	USF
Seminole	FLAS
St. Johns	USF
St. Lucie	USF
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Eleocharis pungens	Eleocharis pungens (Vahl) Reichenbach, Fl. Saxon. 60. 1842.	BASIONYM: Scirpus pungens Vahl 1805.
Heleogiton pungens	Heleogiton pungens (Vahl) Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 78. 1830.	BASIONYM: Scirpus pungens Vahl 1805.
Scirpus americanus var. pungens	Scirpus americanus Persoon, var. pungens (Vahl) Barros & Osten, in Osten, Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, ser. 2. 3: 204. 1931.	BASIONYM: Scirpus pungens Vahl 1805.
Scirpus pungens	Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 255. 1805.		TYPE: Without data, Herb. Vahl s.n. (holotype: C).
Scirpus triangularis	Scirpus triangularis (Persoon) MacMillan, Metasp. Minnesota Valley 99. 1892.	BASIONYM: Scirpus triqueter Linnaeus, var. triangularis Persoon 1805.
Scirpus triqueter var. triangularis	Scirpus triqueter Linnaeus, var. triangularis Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 68. 1805.
Eleocharis leptophylla	Eleocharis leptophylla Schultes, Mant. 2: 88. 1824.	BASIONYM: Scirpus tenuifolius de Candolle 1815, non Rudge 1805.
Eleogiton rothii	Eleogiton rothii (Hoppe) Fourreau, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2. 17: 174. 1869.	BASIONYM: Scirpus rothii Hoppe 1814.
Scirpus americanus var. longibracteatus	Scirpus americanus Persoon, var. longibracteatus Barros & Osten, in Osten, Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, ser. 2. 3: 204. 1931.		TYPE: URUGUAY:
Scirpus americanus var. triangularis	Scirpus americanus Persoon, var. triangularis (Persoon) Beetle, Amer. J. Bot. 30: 400. 1943.	BASIONYM: Scirpus triqueter Linnaeus, var. triangularis Persoon 1805.
Scirpus lomanus	Scirpus lomanus H. Pfeiffer, in Bruns, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 8: 39. 1929.		TYPE: PERU:
Scirpus longifolius	Scirpus longifolius Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 49. 1832, non Richard 1792.		TYPE: CHILE:
Scirpus pungens var. monostachys	Scirpus pungens Vahl, var. monostachys (Sonder) Marsson, Fl. Neu-Vorpommern 516. 1869.	BASIONYM: Scirpus rothii Hoppe, var. monostachys Sonder 1850.
Scirpus rothii	Scirpus rothii Hoppe, in Sturm, Deutsch. Fl. 9(36): pl. 4. 1814.
Scirpus rothii var. monostachys	Scirpus rothii Hoppe, var. monostachys Sonder, Fl. Hamburg. 27. 1850.
Scirpus solispicatus	Scirpus solispicatus Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 230. 1915.		TYPE: NORTH DAKOTA:
Scirpus subappendiculatus	Scirpus subappendiculatus Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 84. 1855.		TYPE: AUSTRALIA:
Scirpus tenuifolius	Scirpus tenuifolius de Candolle, in de Candolle & Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 6: 300. 1815, non Rudge 1805.		TYPE: FRANCE:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	04 Nov 1993	S. L. Orzell 22541
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	31 Jul 1997	A. E. Bradley 386
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	22 Apr 2003	G. Wilder 017450
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	02 Nov 1971	D. Auth 132
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	10 Sep 1971	D. Auth 84
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	02 May 1973	A.G. Shuey M0933
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	21 Mar 1980	R. P. Sauleda 3391
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	23 Mar 1965	O. K. Lakela 28427
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	02 Jul 1981	G. Robinson 392
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	20 May 1993	S. L. Orzell 21956
USA	Florida	Glades Co.	20 Dec 2007	J. M. Kunzer 2257
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	20 May 1981	G. Robinson 180
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	18 Jul 1956	R. Kral 2821
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Jul 1988	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Jun 1989	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	St. Lucie Co.	29 May 1980	B. F. Hansen 7221
USA	Florida	Okeechobee Co.	27 Jun 1962	J. D. Ray, Jr. 11071
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	23 Mar 2007	W. D. Longbottom 8277
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	25 Aug 1981	B. F. Hansen 8741
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	29 Jul 1958	R. Kral 7493
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	10 May 1973	J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	21 Nov 1978	C. G. Wright 139
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	02 May 1973	A.G. Shuey M0935	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	02 May 1973	A.G. Shuey M0935
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	13 Apr 2011	P. A. Schmalzer 11-42
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	06 Apr 2011	P. A. Schmalzer 11-18
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	17 Apr 2012	W. D. Longbottom 16906
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	16 Apr 1999	R. Mejeur 742A
USA	Louisiana	Cameron Par.	06 Aug 1983	D. D. Taylor 4498
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	20 Jun 1956	W. H. Duncan 20174
USA	Alabama	Baldwin Co.	02 Jul 1981	G. Wilhelm 9519
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	07 May 1954	D. Demaree 35133
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	12 Aug 1952	D. Demaree 32743
USA	North Carolina	Chatham Co.	02 Aug 1955	L. S. Beard 1253
USA	North Carolina	Craven Co.	05 Jul 1966	J. S. Radford 44863
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	11 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 33692
USA	Louisiana	La Fourche Par.	09 Sep 1978	M. Alleman s.n.
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	20 Jun 1956	W. H. Duncan 20174
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	09 Mar 2016	E. A. Revuelta 27
USA	Illinois	Woodford Co.	08 Sep 1995	S. R. Hill 27438
USA	Kansas	Ellis Co.	24 Jul 1935	E. Runyon 211
USA	Illinois	Kendall Co.	18 Aug 2005	S. R. Hill 36600
USA	Illinois	DuPage Co.	03 Jul 2012	S. R. Hill 38970
USA	Delaware	Sussex Co.	15 Jun 2013	W. D. Longbottom 19587
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	27 Jan 2019	J. Lange 94
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	10 Jun 1973	C. C. Starling s.n.
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	27 Jul 2009	C. vanHoek WW0021	CULTIVATED.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.