Houstonia nigricans var. nigricans

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	RUBIACEAE
Species:	Houstonia nigricans (Lam.)Fernald var. nigricans
Common Name:	DIAMONDFLOWERS
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	GENTIANALES
Family	RUBIACEAE
Genus	Houstonia
Species	**Houstonia nigricans (Lam.)Fernald var. nigricans** - DIAMONDFLOWERS

Citation

Citation	HOUSTONIA NIGRICANS (Lamarck) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 299. 1940.
Basionym:	Gentiana nigricans Lamarck 1788.
Type:	Without data (holotype: P).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Calhoun	USF
Charlotte	USF
Clay	FLAS
Collier	FLAS
Escambia	FLAS
Flagler	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FLAS
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	FLAS
Jackson	FSU
Lee	USF
Levy	USF
Liberty	FSU
Manatee	USF
Okaloosa	FSU
Osceola	FLAS
Pinellas	USF
Sarasota	USF
St. Johns	USF
Wakulla	FLAS
Walton	USF
Washington	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Chamisme angustifolia	Chamisme angustifolia (Michaux) Nieuwland, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 92. 1915.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Gentiana nigricans	Gentiana nigricans Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 645. 1788.		TYPE: Without data (holotype: P).
Hedyotis nigricans	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 298. 1941.	BASIONYM: Gentiana nigricans Lamarck 1788.
Hedyotis nigricans var. filifolia	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. filifolia (Chapman) Shinners, Field & Lab. 17: 168. 1949.	BASIONYM: Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michaux) A. Gray, var. filifolia Chapman 1860.
Hedyotis nigricans var. pulvinata	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. pulvinata (Small) Fosberg, Castanea 19: 37. 1954.	BASIONYM: Houstonia pulvinata Small 1899.
Hedyotis nigricans var. rigidiuscula	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. rigidiuscula (A. Gray) Shinners, Field & Lab. 17: 168. 1949.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. rigidiuscula A. Gray 1884.
Hedyotis stenophylla	Hedyotis stenophylla Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 41. 1841.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Houstonia angustifolia	Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 85. 1803.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Without data, Michaux s.n. (holotype: P).
Houstonia angustifolia var. filifolia	Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. filifolia (Chapman) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 27. 1884.	BASIONYM: Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michaux) A. Gray, var. filifolia Chapman 1860.
Houstonia angustifolia var. rigidiuscula	Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. rigidiuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 27. 1884.		SYNTYPE: FLORIDA:
Houstonia filifolia	Houstonia filifolia (Chapman) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1109. 1338. 1903.	BASIONYM: Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michaux) A. Gray, var. filifolia Chapman 1860.
Houstonia nigricans var. pulvinata	Houstonia nigricans (Lamarck) Fernald, var. pulvinata (Small) Terrell, Sida 59: 79. 1985.	BASIONYM: Houstonia pulvinata Small 1899.
Houstonia pulvinata	Houstonia pulvinata Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 289. 1899.		TYPE: FLORIDA: St. Johns Co.: St. Augustine, Jul 1876, Reynolds s.n. (lectotype: NY; isolectotype: NA). Lectotypified by Terrell, Sida 11: 479. 1986.
Houstonia rigidiuscula	Houstonia rigidiuscula (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 175. 1913.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. rigidiuscula A. Gray 1884.
Oldenlandia angustifolia	Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michaux) A. Gray, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(6): 68. 1853.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Oldenlandia angustifolia var. filifolia	Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michaux) A. Gray, var. filifolia Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 181. 1860.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Without data, Chapman s.n. (lectotype: US). Lectotypified by Terrell, Sida 11: 479. 1986.
Stenaria nigricans	Stenaria nigricans (Lamarck) Terrell, Sida 19: 600. 2001.	BASIONYM: Gentiana nigricans Lamarck 1788.
Hedyotis nigricans forma salina	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, forma salina (A. Heller) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961.	BASIONYM: Houstonia salina A. Heller 1895.
Hedyotis nigricans var. austrotexana	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. austrotexana B. L. Turner, Phytologia 79: 15. 1995.		TYPE: TEXAS: Karnes Co.: 2 mi. E of El Tejano Cafe, 22 Jun 1952, Johnson 833 (holotype: LL).
Hedyotis nigricans var. papillacea	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. papillacea B. L. Turner, Phytologia 79: 15. 1995.		TYPE: NEW MEXICO: Otero Co.: Northern McKittrick Canyon at first crossing of Texas-New Mexico boundary, 8 Oct 1973, Patterson 508 (holotype: LL).
Hedyotis nigricans var. scabra	Hedyotis nigricans (Lamarck) Fosberg, var. scabra (S. Watson) Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 288. 1941.	BASIONYM: Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. scabra S. Watson 1893.
Hedyotis salina	Hedyotis salina (A. Heller) Shinners, Field & Lab. 17: 669. 1949.	BASIONYM: Houstonia salina A. Heller 1895.
Houstonia angustifolia var. scabra	Houstonia angustifolia Michaux, var. scabra S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1893.		TYPE: MEXICO: Coahuila: Caracol Mountains 21 mi. SE of Monclova, 19-22 Aug 1880, Palmer 410 (lectotype: GH; isolectotypes: LL, NY, PH, US, VT). Lectotypified by Terrell, Sida 19: 601. 2001.
Houstonia rupestris	Houstonia rupestris Rafinesque, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5: 226. 1820.		TYPE: KENTUCKY:
Houstonia salina	Houstonia salina A. Heller, Contr. Herb. Franklin Marshall Coll. 1: 96, pl. 9. 1895.		TYPE: TEXAS: Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi, 31 May 1894, Heller 1812 (lectotype: GH; isolectotypes: BM, ILL, K, MO, NY, PH, US 3 shts). Lectotypified by Terrell, Sida 11: 479. 1986.
Houstonia tenuis	Houstonia tenuis Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1109, 1338. 1903.		TYPE: TEXAS: San Saba Co.: San Saba, Oct 1850, Thurber 67 (holotype: NY).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	15 Nov 1998	S.W. Braem DP0064
USA	Florida		s.d.	C. T. Reed s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	12 Jul 1994	H. Freeman HI0026
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	03 Oct 1979	G. Fleming 3243
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	09 Jul 1957	R. K. Godfrey 55580
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 May 1985	E. Brown s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	28 Oct 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6121
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 Jan 1979	B. F. Hansen 4970
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	16 Nov 1979	B. F. Hansen 6801
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 Oct 1992	D. Willis CC1018
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	19 Dec 1990	I. Phillips 63
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	07 Jan 1975	W. C. Brumbach 8731
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	28 Jun 1999	S.W. Braem GI0092
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	22 Dec 1955	G. R. Cooley 2437
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	28 Dec 1953	G. R. Cooley 2480
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	19 Oct 1970	D. Burch 6513
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	21 Apr 1964	O. K. Lakela 27092
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	17 Oct 1977	S. Morrill 3
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	03 Dec 1978	A. Fulton 302
USA	Florida	Flagler Co.	23 May 1979	J. Popenoe 1783
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Apr 1969	R. W. Long s.n.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	07 Jan 1965	O. K. Lakela 28121
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	16 Jan 2003	A. Bishop LK0038
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	05 Apr 2002	D. E. Atha 2489
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	13 Aug 2002	A. Bishop HI0088
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	13 Nov 2009	C. vanHoek CI0007
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	28 Jun 1981	D. S. Correll 52155
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	30 Jan 1981	A.G. Shuey 2486
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	05 Aug 1979	J. Watson 43
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	06 Oct 1964	O. K. Lakela 27588
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Apr 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 5947
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	06 May 1978	P. Genelle 3162
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	25 Apr 1959	G. R. Cooley 6508
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	20 Feb 1943	A. E. Perkins s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	27 May 1961	O. K. Lakela 24165
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	10 Jul 1897	A. H. Curtiss 5933
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 Mar 2002	K. A. Bradley 2256
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	18 Jan 2003	S.W. Braem NC0028
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 Mar 2002	K. A. Bradley 2256

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

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For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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