Aristida purpurascens var. purpurascens

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. purpurascens
Common Name:	ARROWFEATHER THREEAWN
Status:	Native, FACW (DEP), UPL (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Aristida
Species	**Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. purpurascens** - ARROWFEATHER THREEAWN

Citation

Citation	ARISTIDA PURPURASCENS Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1: 452. 1810.
Basionym:	**
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data, Bosc s.n. (holotype: P; isotype: US(fragm)).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bay	FSU
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Clay	USF
Collier	USF
Columbia	FLAS
DeSoto	USF
Duval	USF
Escambia	USF
Flagler	FLAS
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FSU
Gilchrist	FLAS
Hamilton	FLAS
Hendry	USF
Hernando	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	USF
Jackson	FLAS
Jefferson	FSU
Lafayette	FSU
Lake	FLAS
Lee	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	USF
Liberty	FSU
Madison	FSU
Manatee	FLAS
Marion	FLAS
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FNPS
Okaloosa	FSU
Palm Beach	USF
Pasco	FLAS
Pinellas	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	USF
Santa Rosa	USF
Sarasota	USF
St. Johns	FLAS
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FSU
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	USF
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Aristida affinis	Aristida affinis (Schultes) Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 61. 1829.	BASIONYM: Chaetaria affinis Schultes 1824; Aristida racemosa Muhlenberg 1817, non Sprengel 1807.
Aristida purpurascens var. minor	Aristida purpurascens Poiret, var. minor Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 46. 1892.		TYPE: MISSISSIPPI: Jackson Co.: Horn Island, 1892, Tracy 1564 (lectotype: US). Lectotypified by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 572. 1920.
Aristida racemosa	Aristida racemosa Muhlenberg, Descr. Gram. 172. 1817, non Sprengel 1807.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA ?: without data, Muhlenberg s.n. (holotype: PH-M).
Chaetaria affinis	Chaetaria affinis Schultes, Mant. 2: 210. 1824.	BASIONYM: Aristida racemosa Muhlenberg 1817, non Sprengel 1807.
Chaetaria purpurascens	Chaetaria purpurascens (Poiret) Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 30, 152, 158. 1812.	BASIONYM: Aristida purpurascens Poiret 1810.
Aristida elliottiana	Aristida elliotiana Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 133. 1854.
Aristida geyeriana	Aristida geyeriana Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 133. 1854.		TYPE: ILLINOIS: Cass Co.: Beardstown, Aug 1842, Geyer s.n. (holotype: ?; isotype: GH).
Aristida purpurascens var. alabamensis	Aristida purpurascens Poiret, var. alabamensis Trinius & Ruprecht, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(1): 102. 1842.		TYPE: ALABAMA: Without data (holotype: LE).
Aristida purpurascens var. glaucissima	Aristida purpurascens Poiret, var. glaucissima Kearney, Bull. Div. Agrostol., U.S.D.A. 24: 45. 1901.		TYPE: MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co.: 6 mi. above Biloxi, 7 Oct 1896, Kearney 321 (holotype: US).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	24 May 1986	C. vanHoek 1
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	30 Sep 1994	S. Landry s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	23 Sep 1994	G. P. Landry s.n.
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	30 Oct 1982	J. D. Skean, Jr. 904
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	06 Nov 1982	J. D. Skean, Jr. 938
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	04 Aug 1981	D. R. Lindsey 960
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	29 Nov 2007	P. D. Sorensen 06-84
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	28 Jul 1985	A. Herndon 1253
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	08 Aug 2000	P. L. Howell s.n.
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	31 Aug 2000	K. A. Bradley 2067
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	06 Oct 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1943
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	24 Aug 2008	M. T. Strong 3833
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	10 Jun 1989	M. A. Vincent 1244
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	09 Oct 1986	R. B. Huck 4405
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	26 Oct 2006	S. Dickman s.n.
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	22 Oct 2001	S. Taylor s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	05 Jul 1976	W. C. Brumbach 9021
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	25 Oct 1956	R. K. Godfrey 55224
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	09 Aug 1978	S. Morrill 130
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	01 Sep 1981	D. S. Correll 52301
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8865
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	26 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9838
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	10 Sep 1987	B. F. Hansen 11650
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	25 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8116
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	17 Nov 1993	B. F. Hansen 12475
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	25 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9769
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	22 Oct 1994	R. P. Wunderlin 10641
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	23 Jun 1964	F. C. Craighead s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	05 Oct 1963	O. K. Lakela 26538
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	16 Oct 1994	S. L. Orzell 23313
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	20 Aug 1994	S. L. Orzell 22857
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	10 Sep 1994	S. L. Orzell 23190
USA	Florida	Duval Co.	15 Oct 1992	S. L. Orzell 21128
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	13 Oct 2006	P. A. Schmalzer 06-136
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	26 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9839
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	26 Oct 1999	S. L. Orzell 25637
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	25 Oct 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2619
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	30 Oct 1978	A.G. Shuey 2270
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	29 Oct 1983	A. Parker 1788
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	18 Aug 1987	B. F. Hansen 11414
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	04 Oct 1973	A.G. Shuey M1226
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	24 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9755
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	22 Oct 1964	L. J. Brass 33364
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	12 Sep 1954	R. E. Perdue 1705
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	12 Dec 2002	C. vanHoek AK0050
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	22 Oct 1964	O. K. Lakela 27724
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	08 Jan 1991	I. Phillips 346
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	28 Sep 1957	R. Kral 6066
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	06 Oct 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1965
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	30 Oct 2009	L. B. Birch 446
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	26 Sep 2010	C. Slaughter 17885
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Dec 1988	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	07 Jul 2012	D. Hilbert 84
USA	Alabama	Mobile Co.	17 Oct 1973	J. Taylor 15197
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	15 Oct 1956	W. H. Duncan 20659
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	31 Jul 1952	D. Demaree 32417
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	12 Oct 1956	W. H. Duncan 20613
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	31 Jul 1952	J. D. Ray, Jr. 2944
USA	North Carolina	Duplin Co.	03 Oct 1957	H. E. Ahles 35675
USA	North Carolina	Hoke Co.	10 Oct 1957	H. E. Ahles 36360
USA	North Carolina	Gates Co.	16 Oct 1958	H. E. Ahles 51598
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	09 Oct 1973	S. Colvin 68
USA	Arkansas	Union Co.	07 Nov 1977	B. Wooten 87
USA	Mississippi		16 Aug 1951	R. B. Channell 319
USA	Georgia	Chatham Co.	18 Sep 1959	G. R. Swank 346
USA	South Carolina	Barnwell Co.	03 Nov 1956	C. L. Porter 222
USA	Georgia	Elbert Co.	05 Nov 1978	N. C. Coile 2085
USA	Georgia	Catoosa Co.	19 Oct 1951	W. H. Duncan 13357
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	15 Sep 1956	W. H. Duncan 20502
USA	Georgia	Chatham Co.	01 Oct 1960	G. R. Swank 1217
USA	Alabama	Pike Co.	05 Nov 2009	E. Gachuiri 12
USA	Alabama	Escambia Co.	20 Oct 1969	R. Kral 38088
USA	Alabama	Escambia Co.	20 Oct 1969	R. Kral 38081
USA	Alabama	Escambia Co.	27 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8209
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	22 Sep 1998	A. Bishop LJ0213
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	02 Jul 2015	K. A. Bradley 3345
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Nov 2002	J. M. Kunzer 413
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	09 Nov 2011	S. Dickman 467
USA	Kentucky	Bell Co.	Sep 1893	T. H. Kearney, Jr. 314

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.