Stylosanthes biflora

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	FABACEAE
Species:	Stylosanthes biflora (L.)Britton et al.
Common Name:	SIDEBEAK PENCILFLOWER
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FABALES
Family	FABACEAE
Genus	Stylosanthes
Species	Stylosanthes biflora (L.)Britton et al. - SIDEBEAK PENCILFLOWER

Citation

Citation	STYLOSANTHES BIFLORA (Linnaeus) Britton et al., Prelim. Cat. 118. 1888.
Basionym:	Trifolium biflorum Linnaeus 1753.
Type:	Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 930.67). Lectotypified by Reveal, in Turland & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 46: 481. 1997.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bay	FSU
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	USF
Clay	USF
Columbia	Lit	Lit: Mohlenbrock, Rhodora 62: 340. 1960.
Dixie	FLAS
Duval	FLAS
Escambia	FLAS
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FLAS
Gilchrist	FLAS
Gulf	FLAS
Hernando	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	FLAS
Jefferson	FSU
Lafayette	FLAS
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Leon	USF
Liberty	FLAS
Madison	FTG
Marion	USF
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Orange	USF
Pasco	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	USF
Santa Rosa	FLAS
St. Johns	USF
Sumter	FLAS
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FLAS
Volusia	FLAS
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	FLAS
Washington	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Stylosanthes biflora var. elatior	Stylosanthes biflora (Linnaeus) Britton et al., var. elatior (Swartz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 209. 1891, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. erecta Pursh 1814; Stylosanthes elatior Swartz 1789.
Stylosanthes elatior	Stylosanthes elatior Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 11: 296, t. 11(2). 1789.
Stylosanthes elatior var. procumbens	Stylosanthes elatior Swartz, var. procumbens (Pursh) Chapman, Fl. South U.S., ed. 3. 109. 1897.	BASIONYM: Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. procumbens Pursh 1814.
Stylosanthes floridana	Stylosanthes floridana S. F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 33: 51. 1920.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Walton Co.: De Funiak Springs, 3 Jul 1891, Sudworth s.n. (holotype: US).
Stylosanthes hispida	Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 75. 1803, nom. illegit. et non Richard 1792.	BASIONYM: Trifolium biflorum Linnaeus 1753.
Stylosanthes hispida var. erecta	Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. erecta Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 480. 1814.	BASIONYM: Stylosanthes elatior Swartz 1789.
Stylosanthes hispida var. procumbens	Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. procumbens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 480. 1814.
Stylosanthes riparia	Stylosanthes riparia Kearney, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 565. 1897.		TYPE: TENNESSEE: Cocke Co.: Banks of the French Broad River near Wolf Creek,
Trifolium biflorum	Trifolium biflorum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 773. 1753.		TYPE: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 930.67). Lectotypified by Reveal, in Turland & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 46: 481. 1997.
Arachis sericea	Arachis sericea Walter, Fl. Carol. 183. 1788.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA:
Stylosanthes biflora var. hispidissima	Stylosanthes biflora (Linnaeus) Britton et al., var. hispidissima (Michaux) Pollard & C. Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 134. 1900.	BASIONYM: Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. hispidissima Michaux 1803.
Stylosanthes elatior var. hispidissima	Stylosanthes elatior Swartz, var. hispidissima (Michaux) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 354. 1838.	BASIONYM: Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. hispidissima Michaux 1803.
Stylosanthes hispida var. hispidissima	Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. hispidissima Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 75. 1803.
Stylosanthes hispida var. nudiuscula	Stylosanthes hispida Michaux, var. nudiuscula Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 75. 1803.
Stylosanthes riparia forma ochroleuca	Stylosanthes riparia Kearney, forma ochroleuca Fernald, Rhodora 40: 438. 1938.		TYPE: VIRGINIA: Greensville Co.: Ca. 1; mi. N of Skipper's, 15 Jul 1938, Fernald & Long 8732 (holotype: GH; isotype: PH).
Stylosanthes riparia var. setifera	Stylosanthes riparia Kearney, var. setifera Fernald, Rhodora 40: 438. 1938.		TYPE: VIRGINIA: Southampton Co.: By Ivor Road, E of Courtland, 10 Jun 1938, Fernald & Long 8321 (holotype: GH; isotype: PH).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	21 Jun 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5596
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	02 Jul 2000	J. M. Kunzer 359
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	01 May 1982	R. P. Wunderlin 9334
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	18 Sep 1960	J. Patman 1007
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	16 Jun 1958	R. Kral 6894
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	04 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20632
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	09 Jul 1992	S. L. Orzell 20114
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	2 Oct 1960	O. K. Lakela 23383
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	22 Jul 1962	O. K. Lakela 25192
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	16 Jun 1983	D. Richardson 1060
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	07 Aug 1964	D. B. Ward 4079
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	11 Aug 1965	O. K. Lakela 29043
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	09 Jun 1958	R. Kral 6746
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	27 Jul 1981	D. S. Correll 52234
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	7 Sep 1985	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	05 Aug 1987	B. F. Hansen 11411
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	16 Jun 1964	V. Ducey 140
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	10 Jun 1976	R. P. Wunderlin 5616
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	07 Nov 2004	G. J. Wilder s.n.
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	29 Jul 2008	T. MacClendon 826
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	03 Jun 2005	J. M. Kunzer 1071
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	25 Dec 2013	C. Slaughter 18187
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	12 Jul 2013	C. Slaughter 18030
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	01 Sep 2013	C. Slaughter 18127
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	14 Jul 2001	R. Mejeur 896
USA	Louisiana	Washington Par.	06 Aug 1979	C. M. Allen 2691
USA	Arkansas	Saline Co.	12 Jul 1955	D. Demaree 37321
USA	Arkansas	Columbia Co.	s.d.	D. Demaree 39166
USA	Louisiana	Sabine Par.	27 Jun 1963	D. Demaree 48210
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	28 Jun 1952	D. Demaree 32012
USA	Georgia	Gilmer Co.	20 Aug 1968	K. E. Rogers 41887
USA	Mississippi	Smith Co.	01 Jul 1967	S. B. Jones 12821
USA	Louisiana	Grant Par.	20 Jun 1967	R. D. Thomas 3140
USA	Georgia	Columbia Co.	23 Jun 1949	W. H. Duncan 9740
USA	Tennessee	Cumberland Co.	24 Jul 1999	V. E. McNeilus 99-572
USA	Mississippi	Lauderdale Co.	23 Jul 1955	J. D. Ray, Jr. 5078
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	11 Aug 1983	D. D. Taylor 4591
USA	Louisiana	Allen Par.	05 Aug 1983	D. D. Taylor 4442
USA	South Carolina	Anderson Co.	13 Sep 1987	S. R. Hill 18796
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	01 Sep 1891	A. C. Seymour 43
USA	Alabama	Escambia Co.	19 May 1981	G. Wilhelm 8780
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	11 Jun 1953	D. Demaree 33312
USA	North Carolina	Warren Co.	26 Jul 1956	C. R. Bell 4170
USA	Mississippi	Forrest Co.	04 Jul 1958	R. Kral 7099
USA	Georgia	Coffee Co.	18 May 1954	G. R. Cooley 2768
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	25 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3758
USA	Georgia	Taylor Co.	15 Jun 1952	J. W. Hardin 13618
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	12 Jul 1974	D. Moreland 313
USA	South Carolina	Georgetown Co.	21 Jul 1976	D. H. Rembert, Jr. s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	03 Dec 2010	S. Dickman 315
USA	Virginia	Essex Co.	24 Jul 1976	Miller & Stanley s.n.
USA	Oklahoma	Murray Co.	25 Jul 1917	W. H. Emig 806
USA	Pennsylvania		1838	J. Wolle s.n.
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	19 Jul 1982	D. D. Taylor 1953
USA	Missouri	Wright Co.	16 Aug 1975	R. L. Thompson 2664
USA	Virginia	Westmoreland Co.	14 Jul 1984	G. E. Lam 386
USA	Illinois	Pope Co.	10 Jul 2002	S. R. Hill 34833
USA	Virginia	Dinwiddie Co.	26 Jun 1940	L. B. Smith 1062

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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