Euphorbia prostrata

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	EUPHORBIACEAE
Species:	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton
Common Name:	PROSTRATE SANDMAT
Plant Notes:	Formerly included in the genus Chamaesyce, this species is reclassified under Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Anisophyllum subsect. Hypericifoliae.
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	MALPIGHIALES
Family	EUPHORBIACEAE
Genus	Euphorbia
Species	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton - PROSTRATE SANDMAT

Citation

Citation	EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 139. 1789.
Basionym:	**
Type:	West Indies, cult. in England, Miller s.n. (holotype: BM).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Broward	USF
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	FLAS
Collier	USF
DeSoto	USF
Dixie	USF
Escambia	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gilchrist	USF
Hernando	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Jackson	FLAS
Jefferson	FSU
Leon	USF
Madison	FSU
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Monroe Keys	FLAS
Okaloosa	USF
Okeechobee	USF
Orange	FLAS
Palm Beach	USF
Pasco	USF
Pinellas	PIHG
Polk	FLAS
Sarasota	USF
Seminole	USF
St. Johns	USF
Taylor	USF
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Anisophyllum prostratum	Anisophyllum prostratum (Aiton) Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 163. 1812.	BASIONYM: Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 1789.
Chamaesyce prostrata	Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 713, 1333. 1903.	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 1789.
Tithymalus prostratus	Tithymalus prostratus (Aiton) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 116. 1897.	BASIONYM: Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 1789.
Chamaesyce malaca	Chamaesyce malaca Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 713, 1333. 1903.		TYPE: TEXAS: Kerr Co.: Kerrville, 26-30 Jun 1894, Heller 1918 (holotype: NY; isotypes: F, Gh, MO).
Chamaesyce stictospora var. guadalupensis	Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelmann) Small, var. guadalupensis Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 714, 1334. 1903, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Euphorbia stictospora Engelmann, var. texensis Millspaugh 1898.
Chamaesyce stictospora var. texensis	Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelmann) Small, var. texensis (Millspaugh) Fedde, Just's Bot. Jahresber. 32(1): 368. 1905.	BASIONYM: Euphorbia stictospora Engelmann, var. texensis Millspaugh 1898.
Euphorbia callitrichoides	Euphorbia callitrichoides Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 52. 1817.		TYPE: MEXICO: Veracruz:
Euphorbia malaca	Euphorbia malaca (Small) Little, in Jeffs & Little, Publ. Univ. Oklahoma Biol. Surv. 2(2): 70. 1930.	BASIONYM: Chamaesyce malaca Small 1903.
Euphorbia prostrata var. vestita	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, var. vestita Engelmann ex Boissier, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 47. 1862.		TYPE: LOUISIANA: Orleans Par.: New Orleans, s.d., Hale s.n. (holotype: G).
Euphorbia stictospora var. texensis	Euphorbia stictospora Engelmann, var. texensis Millspaugh, Bot. Gaz. 26: 266. 1898.		TYPE: TEXAS: Without data, 1894, Heller 1913 (holotype: F).
Euphorbia tenella	Euphorbia tenella Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 53. 1817.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Bolívar: Along Río Orinoco near Maypures and Carichana, s.d., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P; isotypes: B-W, MO fragm).
Euphorbia trichogona	Euphorbia trichogona Bertoloni, Misc. Bot. 3: 20. 1844.		TYPE: GUADELOUPE:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
Mexico	Jalisco		07 Sep 1971	D. Burch 5330
Mexico	Jalisco		07 Sep 1971	D. Burch 5339
Paraguay		Itapua Dept.	07 Jan 1978	M.F. McDiarmid 78-16
USA	Florida	Dixie Co.	24 Nov 1964	R. K. Godfrey 65683
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	01 Sep 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1861
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	16 Sep 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1876
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Sep 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1873
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	16 Sep 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1878
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	02 Jun 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1805
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	22 Sep 2007	J. M. Kunzer 2190
USA	Florida	Taylor Co.	29 Jul 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2468
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	07 Aug 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2481
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	11 Aug 2007	J. M. Kunzer 2166
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	Sep 13, 1898	A. H. Curtiss 6426
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	01 Jul 1999	B. K. Holst 7218
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	13 Dec 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2696
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	03 Jun 1963	D. Burch 79
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	02 Apr 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1530
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	18 May 1983	G. Wilhelm 11503
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	17 Mar 1983	G. Wilhelm 11129
USA	Florida	Gilchrist Co.	25 Oct 1985	B. F. Hansen 10799
USA	Florida	Okeechobee Co.	26 Sep 1985	R. P. Wunderlin 10087
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	26 Jul 1951	C. Jackson 579
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	09 Nov 2011	D. H. Williams 2715
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	16 May 2012	T. MacClendon 1184
USA	Florida	Taylor Co.	27 Sep 2014	A. R. Franck 3589
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	05 Jul 2014	S. Myers 1326
Jamaica	Middlesex Co.	St. Catherine Par.	23 Sep 1971	R. W. Long s.n.
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	St. Andrew Par.	09 Jun 1963	M. R. Crosby 82
British Virgin Islands	Anegada Island		30 Jul 1970	W. G. D'Arcy 4822
Antigua & Barbuda	Antigua	St. Mary Par.	02 Jun 1969	D. Burch 1432
Dominican Republic	Barahona Prov.		01 May 1970	D. Burch 2586
Dominican Republic	Barahona Prov.		01 May 1970	D. Burch 2585
Puerto Rico		Luquillo Mun.	22 Mar 1971	D. Burch 3426
Puerto Rico		San Juan Mun.	28 May 1969	D. Burch 1306
Dominican Republic	Distrito Nacional		23 Apr 1970	D. Burch 2320
Puerto Rico		Maricao Mun.	19 Apr 1985	R. P. Sauleda 8832
Dominican Republic	Valverde Prov.		27 Apr 1970	D. Burch 2421
Dominican Republic	Valverde Prov.		27 Apr 1970	D. Burch 2420
Guadeloupe			02 Jun 1969	D. Burch 1411
USA	Mississippi	Adams Co.	01 Jul 1972	K. E. Rogers 8442
USA	Louisiana	Lafayette Par.	20 Nov 1965	J. W. Thieret 21717
USA	South Carolina	Beaufort Co.	06 Sep 1956	H. E. Ahles 18032
USA	Louisiana	East Baton Rouge Par.	19 Feb 1976	J. Horst JWH B-191
Mexico	Veracruz		25 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3200
Mexico	Jalisco		09 Sep 1970	D. Burch 2818
Mexico	Veracruz		25 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3226
Mexico	Guanajuato		09 Sep 1971	D. Burch 5410
Honduras	Comayagua Dept.		16 May 1972	D. Burch 6044
Guatemala			18 Nov 1971	D. Burch 5502
Honduras			14 Nov 1971	D. Burch 5461
Mexico	Oaxaca		20 Mar 1995	E. Jerónimo 83b	Nombre Zapoteco: yix nzhik
Mexico	Yucatán		07 Oct 1983	R. P. Sauleda 8448
Mexico	Jalisco		01 Sep 1971	D. Burch 5206
Belize	Cayo Distr.		12 Apr 1972	D. Burch 5817
Mexico	Sonora		13 Oct 1970	G. L. Webster 16388
Suriname	Paramaribo Distr.		08 Mar 1951	J. Florschutz 1718
USA	Kentucky	Bourbon Co.	13 Oct 1961	E. M. Browne 4934
USA	Texas	Coryell Co.	20 Aug 1973	R. K. Godfrey 72402
USA	Texas	Dallas Co.	03 Jul 1955	L. H. Shinners 20461
USA	Kansas	Ottawa Co.	16 Aug 1965	J. W. Richardson 1193

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.