Monotropa uniflora

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ERICACEAE
Species:	Monotropa uniflora L.
Common Name:	INDIANPIPE
Plant Notes:	This achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic species is mainly linked with ectomycorrhizal species of Russulaceae (Bidartondo & Bruns 2001; Kong et al. 2015). A recent study provides support for the recognition of M. brittonii, possibly endemic to Florida, with tapered filaments (apical width 0.55-0.85 times the basal width), larger petals, stamens, and ovaries, hairier petals and filaments, nectar spurs divergent (ca. 50-110 degree angle), largely confined to scrubby habitats, and mycorrhizal with species of the Lactifluus deceptivus complex (perhaps L. arcuatus, L. caeruleitinctus) (Keesling 2020).
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ERICALES
Family	ERICACEAE
Genus	Monotropa
Species	Monotropa uniflora L. - INDIANPIPE

Citation

Citation	MONOTROPA UNIFLORA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 387. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 551.3). Lectotypified by Reveal, Huntia 7: 228. 1987.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bay	FLAS
Bradford	USF
Brevard	USF
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	USF
Clay	USF
Collier	USF
Columbia	FLAS
Duval	FLAS
Escambia	USF
Gadsden	FSU
Gilchrist	FSU
Hernando	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	FSU
Indian River	FTG
Jackson	FLAS
Lafayette	FSU
Lake	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	USF
Liberty	FLAS
Manatee	USF
Marion	USF
Martin	USF
Okaloosa	FLAS
Orange	USF
Osceola	USF
Palm Beach	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Santa Rosa	UWFP
Sarasota	FLAS
Seminole	USF
St. Lucie	FTG
Sumter	USF
Suwannee	FLAS
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	UWFP
Washington	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Hypopitys uniflora	Hypopitys uniflora (Linnaeus) Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 476. 1766.	BASIONYM: Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus 1753.
Monotropa brittonii	Monotropa brittonii Small, J. New York Bot. Gard. 28: 7. 1927.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Palm Beach Co.: Near Pompano, 2 Dec 1919, Small et al. 9219 (lectotype: NY; isolectotype: NY). Lectotypified by Wilbur & Luteyn, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 102. 1978.
Monotropa uniflora var. typica	Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, var. typica Domin, Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1915: 4. 1915, nom. inadmis.	BASIONYM: Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus 1753.
Monotropa coccinea	Monotropa coccinea Zuccarini, Flora 15(2, Beibl.): 100. 1832.		TYPE: MEXICO: Without data, Karwinsky s.n. (holotype: M).
Monotropa coccinea var. mexicana	Monotropa coccinea Zuccarini, var. mexicana Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjoebenhavn 7: 119. 1866, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Monotropa coccinea Zuccarini 1832.
Monotropa coccinea var. nicaraguensis	Monotropa coccinea Zuccarini, var. nicaraguensis Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjoebenhavn 7: 119. 1866.		TYPE: NICARAGUA: Without data, Oersted s.n. (holotype: C).
Monotropa humilis	Monotropa humilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 151. 1825.	TYPE: NEPAL:
Monotropa morisoniana	Monotropa morisoniana Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 266. 1803.
Monotropa morisonii	Monotropa morisonii Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 469. 1805, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Monotropa morisoniana Michaux 1803.
Monotropa uniflora forma rosea	Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, forma rosea Fosberg, Castanea 20: 59. 1955.		TYPE: VIRGINIA: Madison Co.: Limberlost, Shenandoah National Park, s.d., Fosberg 36143 (holotype: US).
Monotropa uniflora var. australis	Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, var. australis Domin, Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1915: 6. 1915.
Monotropa uniflora var. coccinea	Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, var. coccinea (Zuccarini) Domin, Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1915: 5. 1915.	BASIONYM: Monotropa coccinea Zuccarini 1832.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	10 Mar 1984	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	13 Dec 1976	R. P. Wunderlin 5719
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	16 Nov 1974	R. P. Wunderlin 5329
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	24 Nov 1979	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	01 Nov 1956	L. E. Williams s.n.
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	15 Mar 1981	G. Wilhelm 8530
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	19 Nov 1982	N. L. Mawhinney 48
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	09 Jan 1983	N. L. Mawhinney 79
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	23 Jan 1981	P. W. Brunn 1
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	10 Dec 1983	R. C. Callahan s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	Dec 1993	S. Bowman s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	25 Nov 2001	M. Sommers s.n.
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	22 Nov 1996	C. vanHoek 800
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	Feb 1993	W. F. Grey s.n.
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	01 May 2010	T. MacClendon 999
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	30 Nov 1975	J. E. Poppleton 546
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	19 Nov 1958	G. R. Cooley 6330
USA	Florida	Bradford Co.	02 Jan 2011	C. Slaughter 17940
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	04 Dec 1992	P. Benshoff LM0066
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	30 Jan 2011	S. Myers 516
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Dec 1987	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	11 Sep 1997	C. Becker WC0327
USA	Florida	Osceola Co.	17 Feb 1970	E.C. Jones s.n.
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	15 Nov 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2656
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	26 Mar 1994	S. Cole SF0225
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	15 Nov 1980	R. Lassiter 495
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	22 Sep 1963	O. K. Lakela 26480
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	11 Nov 1965	D. B. Ward 5453
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	26 Jul 1980	R. Lassiter 449
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	26 Nov 2011	R. Chicone 798
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	16 Mar 2016	M. M. James s.n.
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	27 Jul 1963	C. F. Caudle 4134A
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	Jul 1987	J. N. Burch 231
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	18 Jan 1963	C. F. Caudle 360
USA	North Carolina	Macon Co.	07 Jun 1984	R. Lassiter 914
USA	Louisiana	Rapides Par.	27 Sep 1964	J. W. Thieret 18346
USA	Tennessee	Knox Co.	11 Jun 1992	V. E. McNeilus 92-450
USA	North Carolina	Swain Co.	19 Aug 1967	G. A. Long
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	26 Oct 1957	H. E. Ahles 38148
USA	North Carolina	Macon Co.	23 Jun 1980	R. Lassiter 433
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	02 Nov 1970	S. Rickerson 191
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	18 Oct 1972	E. Huff 784
USA	Mississippi	Webster Co.	22 Apr 1955	J. D. Ray, Jr. 4279a
USA	North Carolina	Macon Co.	02 Jun 1984	R. Lassiter 952
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	26 Sep 1971	R. D. Thomas 25960
USA	Mississippi	Tishomingo Co.	10 Oct 1958	J. Sharp s.n.
USA	Mississippi	Tishomingo Co.	10 Oct 1958	J. Sharp s.n.
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	14 Jan 1951	G. R. Cooley 661
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	18 Oct 1956	W. H. Duncan 20683
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	17 Mar 2011	S. Dickman 332
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	23 Nov 2011	S. Dickman 498
Mexico	Puebla		22 Jul 1970	M. McDiarmid s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Dec 2021	J. Mounger s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	16 Apr 2019	P. A. Schmalzer 19-1

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.