Clematis virginiana

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	RANUNCULACEAE
Species:	Clematis virginiana L.
Common Name:	VIRGINSBOWER
Status:	Native, FAC (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	RANUNCULALES
Family	RANUNCULACEAE
Genus	Clematis
Species	Clematis virginiana L. - VIRGINSBOWER

Citation

Citation	CLEMATIS VIRGINIANA Linnaeus, Cent. Pl. 1: 15. 1755.
Basionym:	**
Type:	PENNSYLVANIA(?): Without data, Kalm (?) s.n. (lectotype: UPS). Lectotypified by Essig & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 38: 277. 1989.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Escambia	FLAS
Hamilton	USF
Hardee	USF
Hernando	FTG
Hillsborough	USF
Jefferson	USF
Pasco	USF
Polk	USF
Wakulla	FSU
Washington	FSU-Lit	Lit-FSU: L. C. Anderson, Sida 13: 502. 1989.

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Clematis dioica subsp. virginiana	Clematis dioica Linnaeus, subsp. virginiana (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 26: 102. 1885.	BASIONYM: Clematis virginiana Linnaeus 1755.
Clematis fragrans	Clematis fragrans Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 371. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Clematis virginiana Linnaeus 1755.
Clematitis cordifolia	Clematitis cordifolia Moench, Suppl. Meth. 104. 1802, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Clematis virginiana Linnaeus 1755.
Clematitis virginiana	Clematitis virginiana (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 2. 1891.	BASIONYM: Clematis virginiana Linnaeus 1755.
Clematitis virginiana var. genuina	Clematitis virginiana Linnaeus, var. genuina Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 2. 1891, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Clematitis virginiana (Linnaeus) Kuntze 1891; Clematis virginiana Linnaeus 1755.
Clematis canadensis	Clematis canadensis Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Clematis holosericea	Clematis holosericea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 384. 1814.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data, Walter s.n. (holotype: BM).
Clematis missouriensis	Clematis missouriensis Rydberg, in Britton, Man. Fl. N. States 421. 1901.		TYPE: NEBRASKA: Lancaster Co.: Lincoln, Sep 1886, Webber s.n. (lectotype: NY). Lectotypified by Essig, Sida 14: 65. 1990.
Clematis virginiana forma missouriensis	Clematis virginiana Linnaeus, forma missouriensis (Rydberg) Fernald, Rhodora 39: 309. 1937.	BASIONYM: Clematis missouriensis Rydberg 1901.
Clematis virginiana var. bracteata	Clematis virginiana Linnaeus, var. bracteata (Moench) de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 4. 1824.	BASIONYM: Clematis bracteata Moench 1802.
Clematis virginiana var. missouriensis	Clematis virginiana Linnaeus, var. missouriensis (Rydberg) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 542. 1935.	BASIONYM: Clematis missouriensis Rydberg 1901.
Clematitis bracteata	Clematitis bracteata Moench, Suppl. Meth. 103. 1802.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	26 Nov 1987	R. K. Godfrey 82638
USA	Florida	Hardee Co.	15 Oct 1977	A.G. Shuey 1997
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	14 Oct 1977	J. Kuczynski 46
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Sep 1987	F. B. Essig 870925-2
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Sep 1987	F. B. Essig 870925-5
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Sep 1987	F. B. Essig 870925-3
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Sep 1987	F. B. Essig 870925-4
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	20 Oct 1987	F. B. Essig 871020-1
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	20 Oct 1987	F. B. Essig 871020-2
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	15 Oct 1977	A.G. Shuey 1998
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	17 Oct 1976	A.G. Shuey 1785
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	17 Oct 1976	A.G. Shuey 1786
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	17 Oct 1976	A.G. Shuey 1787
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	19 Sep 2008	B. F. Hansen 13466
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	23 Sep 1999	J. Myers 509
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	22 Sep 2007	C. vanHoek HR0518
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	04 Sep 1991	B. F. Hansen 11929
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	28 Aug 1975	A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	24 Sep 1975	A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	27 Sep 1985	F. B. Essig 850927-1
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	09 Aug 2013	D. H. Williams 3806
USA	South Carolina	Oconee Co.	13 Sep 1987	S. R. Hill 18818
USA	North Carolina	Alleghany Co.	11 Sep 1980	R. P. Sauleda 4368
USA	Arkansas	Clay Co.	12 Aug 1927	S. Demaree 4193
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	20 Aug 1977	P. Genelle 3082
USA	Alabama	St. Clair Co.	13 Oct 1984	C. F. Nixon 981
USA	Arkansas	Union Co.	28 Oct 1972	J. Robinette 506
USA	South Carolina	Lexington Co.	02 Oct 1976	C. A. Aulbach-Smith 763
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	22 Oct 1975	D. G. Rhodes 13006
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	25 Sep 1967	L. Davis 89
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	01 Oct 1974	D. Ledford 32
USA	Georgia	Clarke Co.	21 Aug 2001	K. Francl 1
USA	Georgia	Cobb Co.	22 Sep 2001	J. Cruse-Sanders 141
USA	Mississippi	Simpson Co.	13 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6699
USA	Georgia	Gwinnett Co.	20 Aug 1988	K. Holland s.n.
USA	Arkansas	Izard Co.	13 Aug 1972	D. Lawson 1149
USA	South Carolina	Oconee Co.	23 Aug 1991	S. R. Hill 22602
USA	Tennessee	Sevier Co.	17 Sep 1980	R. P. Sauleda 4553
USA	Georgia	Lamar Co.	10 Oct 1966	W. H. Duncan 23007
USA	North Carolina	Watauga Co.	11 Aug 1982	M. L. Smyth 6097
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	12 Oct 1956	J. A. Moore 6980
USA	Louisiana	Webster Par.	30 Sep 1967	R. D. Thomas 5102
USA	North Carolina	Wilkes Co.	05 Aug 1956	A. E. Radford 15250
USA	Louisiana	West Feliciana Par.	20 Oct 1974	C. Luckner 243
USA	Georgia	Camden Co.	08 Mar 2012	M. Minno s.n.
USA	Kentucky	Laurel Co.	11 Jul 1993	R. Mears AO-37
USA	Connecticut	Hartford Co.	Jul 1892	P. Dowell 192
USA	Massachusetts	Norfolk Co.	17 Aug 1905	A. W. Cheever s.n.
USA	Vermont	Rutland Co.	07 Aug 1916	Dr. J. Becquert 11488
USA	Rhode Island	Newport Co.	08 Aug 1927	S. N. F. Sanford s.n.
USA	Virginia	Montgomery Co.	10 Sep 1960	R. Kral 11539
USA	West Virginia	Upshur Co.	06 Sep 1962	G. B. Rossbach 4094
USA	Kentucky	Powell Co.	01 Sep 1939	M. E. Wharton g140
USA	Pennsylvania	Lehigh Co.	13 Oct 1900	P. Dowell 1026
USA	Massachusetts	Norfolk Co.	17 Jul 1935	S. N. F. Sanford s.n.
USA	Michigan	Alger Co.	30 Jul 1999	V. E. McNeilus 99-589
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	27 Aug 2004	S. R. Hill 36136
USA	West Virginia	Pocahontas Co.	18 Aug 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5946
USA	New Hampshire	Cheshire Co.	01 Aug 1890	W. Deane s.n.
USA	Ohio	Portage Co.	22 Aug 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6060
USA	Wisconsin	Sawyer Co.	10 Aug 1986	B. F. Hansen 11185
USA	Connecticut	Hartford Co.	08 Sep 1907	A. W. Driggs s.n.
USA	Maryland	Prince George Co.	21 Sep 1986	S. R. Hill 17447
USA	Connecticut	Hartford Co.	14 Aug 1996	S. R. Hill 28488
USA	North Dakota	Grand Forks Co.	11 Aug 1983	M. R. Crosby 14716
USA	Maine	Piscataquis Co.	07 Aug 1895	M. L. Fernald 396
USA	Virginia	Rappahannock Co.	09 Sep 1980	R. P. Sauleda 4312
USA	West Virginia	Grant Co.	12 Aug 1979	D. E. Boufford 21335
USA	Maine	Cumberland Co.	s.d.	K. Furbish s.n.
Canada	Saint Adolphe		21 Jul 1949	Fr. Rolland-Germain 2309
Canada	Saint Adolphe		29 Jul 1954	Fr. Rolland-Germain 6118
Canada	Quebec		29 Aug 1955	Fr. Sylvio 80
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	s.d.	M. Rodman 83	Common Name: "Virgin's Bower".
USA	Massachusetts	Bedford Co.	s.d.	M. Rodman s.n.
USA	Maine	Androscoggin Co.	1893	K. Furbish s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	02 Oct 2012	S. Dickman 589

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.