Hemarthria altissima

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Hemarthria altissima (Poir.)Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Common Name:	LIMPOGRASS
Plant Notes:	For a revision of the genus see Van Den Heuvel & Veldkamp (2000).
Status:	Not Native, FISC(II), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Hemarthria
Species	Hemarthria altissima (Poir.)Stapf & C.E.Hubb. - LIMPOGRASS

Citation

Citation	HEMARTHRIA ALTISSIMA (Poiret) Stapf & C. E. Hubbard, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 109. 1934.
Basionym:	Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Type:	ALGERIA: Bastion, s.d., Poiret s.n. (holotype: P; isotype: US(fragm)).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Collier	USF
DeSoto	USF
Hardee	USF
Hendry	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Lee	USF
Martin	USF
Okeechobee	USF
Orange	USF
Osceola	USF
Palm Beach	USF
Pinellas	USF
Polk	DWP
Putnam	USF
Sarasota	USF
St. Lucie	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Andropogon fasciculatus	Andropogon fasciculatus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 307. 1825, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1792, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Hemarthria compressa subsp. altissima	Hemarthria compressa (Linnaeus f.) R. Brown, subsp. altissima (Poiret) Maire, Fl. Afr. Nord 1: 261. 1952.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Hemarthria compressa var. fasciculata	Hemarthria compressa (Linnaeus f.) R. Brown, var. fasciculata (Hackel) Keng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Chin. Assoc. Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot. 10: 202. 1936.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., var. fasciculata Hackel 1889; Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1791, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Hemarthria fasciculata	Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 153. 1829, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1791, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Hemarthria fasciculata subsp. altissima	Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, subsp. altissima (Poiret) Zangheri, Fl. Ital. 1: 907. 1976.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Lepturus fasciculatus	Lepturus fasciculatus Trinius, Fund. Agrost. 123. 1820, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1792, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Lodicularia fasciculata	Lodicularia fasciculata Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 108, 166. 1812.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1791, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Manisuris altissima	Manisuris altissima (Poiret) Hitchcock, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 292. 1934.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Manisuris fasciculata	Manisuris fasciculata (Hackel) Hitchcock, Amer. J. Bot. 2: 299. 1915, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., var. fasciculata Hackel 1889; Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1791, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Rottboellia altissima	Rottboellia altissima Poiret, Voy. Barbarie 2: 105. 1789.		TYPE: ALGERIA: Bastion, s.d., Poiret s.n. (holotype: P; isotype: US(fragm)).
Rottboellia compressa subvar. fasciculata	Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., subvar. fasciculata (Hackel) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 60. 1960.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., var. fasciculata Hackel 1889; Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1792, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Rottboellia compressa var. fasciculata	Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., var. fasciculata Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 286. 1889.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck 1791, nom. illegit.; Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Rottboellia fasciculata	Rottboellia fasciculata Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 204. 1792, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Rottboellia altissima Poiret 1789.
Andropogon altissimus	Andropogon altissimus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 307, 459, pl. 9(3). 1825.
Hemarthria capensis	Hemarthria capensis Trinius, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 2(1): 248. 1832.		TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA: Without data, Bergius s.n. [Herb. Trinius 124.2] (lectotype: LE). Lectotypified by van den Heuvel & Veldkamp, Blumea 45: 452. 2000.
Hemarthria caudiculata	Hemarthria caudiculata Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 359. 1854.		TYPE: Without data, Herb. Deloche s.n. (holotype: P).
Hemarthria fasciculata var. gracilis	Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, var. gracilis Balansa, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 11. 1874.		TYPE: PARAGUAY(?): Without data, Sep 1866, Balansa s.n. (holotype: P; isotype: L).
Hemarthria guyanensis	Hemarthria guyanensis Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 359. 1854.	TYPE: GUYANA:
Lodicularia capensis	Lodicularia capensis (Trinius) Nees von Esenbeck, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 128. 1841.	BASIONYM: Hemarthria capensis Trinius 1832.
Lodicularia peruviana	Lodicularia peruviana Nees von Esenbeck ex Meyen, Reise Erde 2: 71. 1834.		TYPE: PERU: Without data, Meyen s.n. (holotype: B(destr); isotype: LE).
Rottboellia compressa subvar. capensis	Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., subvar. capensis (Trinius) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 60. 1960.	BASIONYM: Hemarthria capensis Trinius 1832.
Rottboellia compressa subvar. gracilis	Rottboellia compressa Linnaeus f., subvar. gracilis (Balansa) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 60. 1960.	BASIONYM: Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, var. gracilis Balansa 1874.
Rottboellia heterochroa	Rottboellia heterochroa Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 302. 1920.		TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA: Landrivier, s.d., Schlechter 6906 (holotype: ?; isotype: K).
Rottboellia spathacea	Rottboellia spathacea Tenore, Fl. Napol. 11. 1823.		TYPE: ITALY:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	25 Jul 1990	R. Mears s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	02 Jul 1997	K. A. Bradley 172
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	25 Aug 1998	K. A. Bradley 1205
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	04 Aug 1992	W. F. Grey s.n.
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	19 Jul 2003	R. E. Browning, IV s.n.
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	11 Aug 2003	S. Mortellaro 1341
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	20 Jul 2005	W. K. Taylor s.n.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	21 Jun 2004	G. J. Wilder 20729
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	26 Jun 1992	R. Mears s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	18 Jul 1991	R. Kessler s.n.
USA	Florida	Osceola Co.	17 Jul 2000	W. Riggs s.n.
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	23 Jun 2008	A. R. Franck 691
USA	Florida	Okeechobee Co.	09 Jun 1993	S. L. Orzell 22086
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	09 Jun 2009	A. R. Franck 1309
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	28 Jul 2009	B. B. Lambert s.n.
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	20 Jun 2010	C. Slaughter 17803
USA	Florida	Hardee Co.	05 Jul 2007	E. Gandy PC0156
Botswana	Northern Distr.		25 Mar 1973	P. A. Smith 482
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	24 Jul 2019	G. Gann 1315
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	24 Jun 2009	N. Balcer MWSR0132

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

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State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

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