Scaevola taccada

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	GOODENIACEAE
Species:	Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.)Roxb.
Common Name:	BEACH NAUPAKA
Plant Notes:	Integrading varieties are sometimes recognized, with plants of var. sericea being sericeous and those of var. taccada tending to be glabrate.
Status:	Not Native, FISC(I)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ASTERALES
Family	GOODENIACEAE
Genus	Scaevola
Species	Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.)Roxb. - BEACH NAUPAKA

Citation

Citation	SCAEVOLA TACCADA (Gaertner) Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 15. 1814.
Basionym:	Lobelia taccada Gaertner 1788.
Type:	INDIA: Kerala: Malabar, without data (lectotype: Rheede, Hort. Malab. 4: t. 59. 1683). Lectotypified by H. St. John, Taxon 9: 204. 1960.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Collier	FSU
Duval	FLAS
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Lee	USF
Manatee	USF
Martin	FTG
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FNPS
Palm Beach	USF
Pinellas	FLAS
Sarasota	USF
St. Johns	FLAS
St. Lucie	PIHG

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Lobelia sericea	Lobelia sericea (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2; 377. 1891.	BASIONYM: Scaevola sericea Vahl 1791.
Lobelia sericea var. typica	Lobelia sericea (Vahl) Kuntze, var. typica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 377. 1891, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Lobelia sericea (Vahl) Kuntze 1891; Scaevola sericea Vahl 1791.
Lobelia taccada	Lobelia taccada Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 119, t. 25(5). 1788.		TYPE: INDIA: Kerala: Malabar, without data (lectotype: Rheede, Hort. Malab. 4: t. 59. 1683). Lectotypified by H. St. John, Taxon 9: 204. 1960.
Romeria lobelia	Romeria lobelia Dennstedt, Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 10, 24, 30. 1818, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Lobelia taccada Gaertner 1788.
Scaevola bela-modagam	Scaevola bela-modagam Schultes, in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5: 163. 1819, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Lobelia taccada Gaertner 1788.
Scaevola frutescens	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 54): 125. 1912, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Scaevola sericea Vahl 1791.
Scaevola frutescens var. sericea	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, var. sericea (Vahl) Merrill, PHilipp. J. Sci. 7: 353. 1912, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Scaevola frutescens K. Krause 1912, nom. illegit.; Scaevola sericea Vahl 1791.
Scaevola sericea	Scaevola sericea Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 37. 1791.		TYPE: COOK ISLANDS: Niue, s.d., Forster s.n. (holotype: C).
Scaevola sericea var. taccada	Scaevola sericea Vahl var. taccada (Gaertner) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 18: 68. 1904.	BASIONYM: Lobelia taccada Gaertner 1788.
Scaevola taccada var. sericea	Scaevola taccada (Gaertner) Roxburgh, var. sericea (Vahl) H. St. John, Taxon 9: 205. 1960.	Scaevola sericea Vahl 1791	`
Lobelia sericea var. koenigii	Lobelia sericea (Vahl) Kuntze, var. koenigii (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 377. 1891.	BASIONYM: Scaevola koenigii Vahl 1794.
Scaevola billardieri	Scaevola billardieri D. Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 1: 786. 1839.
Scaevola chlorantha	Scaevola chlorantha Vriese, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 137. 1851.		TYPE: INDIA:
Scaevola fauriei	Scaevola fauriei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 150. 1911.		TYPE: HAWAII:
Scaevola frutescens forma glabra	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, forma glabra (Matsumura) Hatusima, Fl. Ryukyus 597. 1971.	BASIONYM: Scaevola koenigii Vahl, var. glabra Matsumura 1900.
Scaevola frutescens forma moomoniana	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, forma moomoniana O. Degener & Greenwall, in Degener, Fl. Hawaii, fam. 350. 1949.		TYPE: HAWAII:
Scaevola frutescens var. glabra	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, var. glabra (Matsumura) Masamune, Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 4: 436. 1934.	BASIONYM: Scaevola koenigii Vahl, var. glabra Matsumura 1900.
Scaevola frutescens var. koenigii	Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, var. koenigii (Vahl) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 646. 1929.	BASIONYM: Scaevola koenigii Vahl 1794.
Scaevola koenigii	Scaevola koenigii Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 36. 1794.		TYPE: INDIA: Without data, Koenig s.n. (holotype: C).
Scaevola koenigii var. glabra	Scaevola koenigii Vahl, var. glabra Matsumura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 57. 1900.
Scaevola koenigii var. macrocalyx	Scaevola koenigii Vahl, var. macrocalyx (Vriese) Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 580. 1856.	BASIONYM: Scaevola macrocalyx Vriese 1851.
Scaevola lambertiana	Scaevola lambertiana Vriese, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 139. 1851.		TYPE: INDIA:
Scaevola latevaga	Scaevola latevaga Hance, in Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syt. 2: 1054. 1852.		TYPE: CHINA:
Scaevola leschenaultii	Scaevola leschenaultii de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 506. 1839.
Scaevola macrocalyx	Scaevola macrocalyx Vriese, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: 138. 1851.
Scaevola piliplena	Scaevola piliplena Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 581. 1856.		TYPE: INDONESIA: Java: Patjitou, s.d., Horsfeld s.n. (holotype: ?).
Scaevola plumerioides	Scaevola plumerioides Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2. 8: 252. 1843.		TYPE: HAWAII:
Scaevola sericea forma moomoniana	Scaevola sericea Vahl, forma moomoniana (O. Degener & Greenwall) O. Degener & I. Degener, Phytologia 6: 321. 1958.	BASIONYM: Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, forma moomoniana O. Degener & Greenwall 1949.
Scaevola sericea var. fauriei	Scaevola sericea Vahl, var. fauriei (H. Léveillé) O. Degener & I. Degener, Phytologia 6: 321. 1958.	BASIONYM: Scaevola fauriei H. Léveillé 1911.
Scaevola taccada forma moomoniana	Scaevola taccada (Gaertner) Roxburgh, forma moomoniana (O. Degener & Greenwall) T. Yamazaki, in Iwatsuki et al., Fl. Japan 3a: 419. 1993.	BASIONYM: Scaevola frutescens K. Krause, forma moomoniana O. Degener & Greenwall 1949.
Scaevola taccada forma punicea	Scaevola taccada (Gaertner) Roxburgh, forma punicea H. St. John, Phytologia 40: 390. 1978.		TYPE: MARSHALL ISLANDS: Cult. at Likiep Atoll, Likiep Island, 28 Aug 1946, St. John & Cowan 21782 (holotype: BISH).
Scaevola taccada var. bryanii	Scaevola taccada (Gaertner) Roxburgh, var. bryanii H. St. John, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 88: 75. 1975.		TYPE: HAWAII:
Scaevola taccada var. fauriei	Scaevola taccada (Gaertner) Roxburgh, var. fauriei (H. Léveillé) H. St. John, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 88: 74. 1975.	BASIONYM: Scaevola fauriei H. Léveillé 1911.
Scaevola velutina	Scaevola velutina C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 58. 1831.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	14 Sep 1982	D. S. Correll 54027
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	29 Jul 1998	T. J. Davidowicz s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	25 Jul 2006	B. F. Hansen 13126
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	03 Apr 1996	G. Gann 504
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	30 Sep 1998	P. L. Howell 666
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	01 Aug 1988	D. M. Krofta s.n.
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	19 Oct 1985	B. F. Hansen 10606
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	04 Nov 1981	J. Popenoe 2163
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	20 Jun 1977	W. C. Brumbach 9271
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	20 Apr 1979	B. F. Hansen 5409
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	17 Jul 1976	W. C. Brumbach 9030
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	10 Feb 2006	A. C. Schmidt s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	10 Feb 2006	A. C. Schmidt s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	28 Jan 2004	S.W. Braem AK0064
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	10 Oct 2002	T. MacClendon 104
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	30 Apr 1992	A. Peters GI0017
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	16 Jun 1993	S. Cole DP0006
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	09 Aug 1979	B. F. Hansen 6121
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	27 Apr 2000	G. Sanford 7
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	05 Mar 2005	J. M. Kunzer 982
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	14 Mar 1993	W. D. Longbottom 3426
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	14 Sep 2013	S. Myers 1129
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	22 Apr 2011	S. Dickman s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	23 Aug 2014	P. A. Schmalzer 14-13
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	Jul 1970	D. Burch 4023	CULTIVATED.
Kenya			13 Jan 1964	B. Verdcourt 3910
New Caledonia			15 May 1977	L. J. Musselman 5211
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	04 Jun 2015	K. Rogers EK0072

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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