Lysimachia arvensis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	MYRSINACEAE
Species:	Lysimachia arvensis (L.)U.Manns & Anderb.
Common Name:	SCARLET PIMPERNEL
Status:	Not Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ERICALES
Family	MYRSINACEAE
Genus	Lysimachia
Species	Lysimachia arvensis (L.)U.Manns & Anderb. - SCARLET PIMPERNEL

Citation

Citation	LYSIMACHIA ARVENSIS (Linnaeus) U. Manns & Anderberg, Willdenowia 39: 51. 2009.
Basionym:	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus 1753.
Type:	Without data (lectotype: LINN 208.1). Lectotypified by Dyer, in Dyer et al., Fl. Southern Afr. 26: 14. 1963.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bay	FSU
Calhoun	FLAS
Escambia	USF
Gadsden	FSU
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	FSU
Manatee	USF
Marion	FLAS
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Orange	USF
Pinellas	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Anagallis arvensis	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 148. 1753.
Anagallis pulchella	Anagallis pulchella Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 120. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus 1753.
Anagallis punctifolia	Anagallis punctifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 305. 1812, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus 1753.
Anagallis punctifolia var. rubra	Anagallis punctifolia Stokes, var. rubra Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 305. 1812, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Anagallis punctifolia Stokes 1812, nom. illegit.; Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus 1753.
Anagallis arabica	Anagallis arabica Duby, in de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 69. 1844.		TYPE: YEMEN:
Anagallis arvensis forma azurea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, forma azurea Hylander, Uppsala Univ. Arsskr. 7: 256. 1945, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, forma caerulea (Linnaeus) Luidi 1927; Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus 1759.
Anagallis arvensis forma caerulea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, forma caerulea (Linnaeus) Luidi, in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1870. 1927.	BASIONYM: Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus 1759.
Anagallis arvensis forma phoenicea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, forma phoenicea (Gouan) Baumgarten ex H. Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 82. 1949.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. phoenicea Gouan 1764.
Anagallis arvensis forma purpurea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, forma purpurea (Douie) P. D. Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 2: 519. 2014.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. purpurea Douie 1924.
Anagallis arvensis subsp. latifolia	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, subsp. latifolia (Linnaeus) Arcangeli, Comp. Fl. Ital. 2: 456. 1894.	BASIONYM: Anagallis latifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Anagallis arvensis subsp. micrantha	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, subsp. micrantha (Grenier & Godron) P. Fournier, Quatre Fl. France 717. 1937.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. micrantha Grenier & Godron 1853; Anagallis parviflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps 1827, non Hoffmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis arvensis subsp. phoenicea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, subsp. phoenicea (Gouan) Vollmann, Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 9: 44. 1904.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. phoenicea Gouan 1764.
Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. caerulea (Linnaeus) Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 30. 1764 ("1765").	BASIONYM: Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus 1759.
Anagallis arvensis var. latifolia	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. latifolia (Linnaeus) Lange, Pug. Pl. Hispan. 221. 1863.	BASIONYM: Anagallis latifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Anagallis arvensis var. micrantha	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. micrantha Grenier & Godron, Fl. France 2: 467. 1853.	BASIONYM: Anagallis parviflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps 1827, non Hoffmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis arvensis var. parviflora	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. parviflora (Hoffmannsegg & Link) Cesati et al., Comp. Fl. Ital. 573. 1880.	BASIONYM: Anagallis parviflora Hoffmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis arvensis var. phoenicea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. phoenicea Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 29. 1764 ("1765").
Anagallis arvensis var. purpurea	Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. purpurea Douie, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7(1): 44. 1924.
Anagallis caerulea	Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. 4: 479. 1759.		TYPE: Without data (neotype: Dodoëns, Stirp. Hist. Comment. Imag. 61 [icon "Anagallis foemina"]. 1553). Neotypified by Burtt, in Kollmann & Feinbrun, Notes Roy Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 174, 185. 1968.
Anagallis caerulea var. carnea	Anagallis carnea Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 461. 1789.
Anagallis caerulea var. parviflora	Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus, var. parviflora (Hoffmannsegg & Link) Salis- Marschlins, Flora 17(2, Beibl.): 14. 1834.	BASIONYM: Anagallis parviflora Hoffmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis hadidii	Anagallis hadidii Chrtek & Osbornova-Kosinova, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 21: 413. 1986, pro hybr.		TYPE: EGYPT:
Anagallis indica	Anagallis indica Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: t. 132. 1826.		TYPE: NEPAL:
Anagallis jacquemontii	Anagallis jacquemontii Duby, in de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 69. 1844.		TYPE: INDIA:
Anagallis latifolia	Anagallis latifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 149. 1753.		TYPE: SPAIN:
Anagallis mas	Anagallis mas Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphine 2: 461. 1787.
Anagallis orientalis	Anagallis orientalis Fischer et al., Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 11: 49. 1846.
Anagallis parviflora	Anagallis parviflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 491. 1827, non Hofrfmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis parviflora	Anagallis parviflora Hoffmannsegg & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 325, t. 64. 1813- 1820.
Anagallis parviflora var. typica	Anagallis parviflora Hoffmannsegg & Link, var. typica R. Knuth, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 22): 324. 1905.	BASIONYM: Anagallis parviflora Hoffmannsegg & Link 1813-1820.
Anagallis phoenicea	Anagallis phoenicea (Gouan) Scopoli, Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 139. 1772.	BASIONYM: Anagallis arvensis Linnaeus, var. phoenicea Gouan 1764.
Anagallis platyphylla	Anagallis platyphylla Baudo, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2. 20: 345. 1843.
Anagallis punctifolia var. caerulea	Anagallis punctifolia Stokes, var. caerulea (Linnaeus) Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 306. 1812.	BASIONYM: Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus 1759.
Anagallis punctifolia var. quadrifolia	Anagallis punctifolia Stokes, var. quadrifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 306. 1812.
Anagallis punctifolia var. trifolia	Anagallis punctifolia Stokes, var. trifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 306. 1812.
Anagallis repens	Anagallis repens de Candolle, Fl. Franc., ed. 3. 5: 381. 1805.		TYPE: FRANCE:
Anagallis verticillata	Anagallis verticillata Allioni, Fl. Pedem. 1: 87. 1785.		TYPE: ITALY:
Lysimachia arvensis var. caerulea	Lysimachia arvensis (Linnaeus) U. Manns & Anderberg, var. caerulea (Linnaeus) Turland & Bergmeier, in Bergmeier et al., Willdenowia 41: 185. 2011.	BASIONYM: Anagallis caerulea Linnaeus 1759.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	07 Apr 2002	K. A. Bradley 2337
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	31 Jan 1981	D. S. Correll 51459
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	18 Apr 1980	J. Popenoe 1881
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	02 Jun 1995	K. Holland s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	05 Jul 1982	D. W. Crewz 2424
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	14 Mar 2000	K. A. Bradley 2051
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	28 Feb 1998	K. A. Bradley 1341
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	10 Apr 2010	B. Upcavage s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	14 Mar 1998	K. A. Bradley 1497
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	07 Jan 1992	J. R. Burkhalter 13277
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	06 Nov 1985	E. Brown s.n.
Bermuda			Dec 1924	E. L. Bushnell 4051502
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	30 Jul 1977	P. Genelle 3002
USA	Louisiana	Plaquemines Par.	27 Jun 1991	M. Garrison 121
USA	Mississippi	Forrest Co.	Apr 1974	K. E. Rogers 9491
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	28 Apr 1955	3954
USA	North Carolina	Alamance Co.	03 Nov 1956	G. S. Ramseur 2928
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	22 Apr 2012	J. R. Burkhalter 23544
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		23 May 1984	E. J. Paredes 197
Mexico	Oaxaca	San Andrés Yutatío Mun.	28 Jun 1994	Sabastián 94-6-11	Mixtec name: yucu ita tuti.
Mexico	Jalisco		26 Jul 1975	K. Torke 263
Mexico	Puebla		26 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3265
Mexico	Veracruz		25 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3243
Mexico	State of México	Juchitepec Mun.	11 May 1976	A. Ventura A. 1463
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		11 Feb 1984	L. Morales R. 120
Mexico	Oaxaca	San Cristóbal Amatlán Mun.	06 May 1995	Número 113	Nombre Zapoteco: yix bchiin.
Mexico	Oaxaca	San Cristóbal Amatlán Mun.	18 Mar 1995	J. Jerónimo 58	Nombre Zapoteco: yix bchiin.
Mexico	Oaxaca	Santiago Apóstol Mun.	07 Jun 1984	G. G. Robinson 84-4-51
Mexico	Veracruz		25 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3247
Mexico	Guanajuato		04 Jul 1971	P. Genelle 890
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	18 Mar 2018	T. Muzyczka TC0163

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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