Oeceoclades maculata

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ORCHIDACEAE
Species:	Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.)Lindl.
Common Name:	MONK ORCHID
Plant Notes:	This genus is native to Africa, the Seychelles, Madagascar, and Mascarene Islands (Garay & Taylor 1976). This species is considered non-native to the Neotropics, though its type specimen is from Brazil. It was first noticed in Florida in Miami-Dade County in 1974 (Austin 1978) and was vouchered from that spot, Luer & Hammer 1099 (FTG, SEL). This species is apparently commonly mycorrhizal with saprophytic species of Psathyrella (Bayman et al. 2016), suggesting the orchid is parasitizing the fungus. It has been proposed to transfer this species to the genus Eulophia (Chase et al. 2021).
Status:	Not Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ASPARAGALES
Family	ORCHIDACEAE
Genus	Oeceoclades
Species	Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.)Lindl. - MONK ORCHID

Citation

Citation	OECEOCLADES MACULATA (Lindley) Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 237. 1833.
Basionym:	Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Type:	BRAZIL: Cult. in England, without data (lectotype: Lindley, Coll. Bot. t. 15. 1821). Lectotypified by I. M. Turner, Taxon 65: 1136. 2016.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Brevard	FLAS
Broward	USF
Charlotte	FLAS
Citrus	USF
Collier	USF
Hendry	USF
Hernando	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Lake	PIHG
Lee	USF
Marion	FLAS
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FNPS
Orange	USF
Palm Beach	USF
Pasco	FLAS
Polk	USF
Sarasota	USF
St. Lucie	FTG
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Aerobion maculatum	Aerobion maculatum (Lindley) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 718. 1826.	BASIONYM: Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Angraecum maculatum	Angraecum maculatum Lindley, Coll. Bot. t. 15. 1821.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Cult. in England, without data (lectotype: Lindley, Coll. Bot. t. 15. 1821). Lectotypified by I. M. Turner, Taxon 65: 1136. 2016.
Eulophia maculata	Eulophia maculata (Lindley) Reichenbach f., in Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 647. 1863.	BASIONYM: Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Eulophidium maculatum	Eulophidium maculatum (Lindley) Pfitzer, Entwurf Anordn. Orch. 88. 1887.	BASIONYM: Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Graphorkis maculata	Graphorkis maculata (Lindley) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 662. 1891.	BASIONYM: Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Limodorum maculatum	Limodorum maculatum (Lindley) Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 5: t. 496. 1821.	BASIONYM: Angraecum maculatum Lindley 1821.
Eulophia ledienii	Eulophia ledienii N. Brown, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1889: 90. 1889.		TYPE: ZAIRE: Lower Congo, s.d., Ledien s.n. (holotype: WRSL).
Eulophidium ledienii	Eulophidium ledienii (N. Brown) De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., ser. 5. 1: 115. 1904.	BASIONYM: Eulophia ledienii N. Brown 1889.
Eulophidium nyassanum	Eulophidium nyassanum Schlechter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53: 593. 1915.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Rungwe District, near Mbaka Kilambo and in Mulinda Forest, s.d., Stolz 1909 (holotype: BM; isotype: K).
Eulophidium warneckeanum	Eulophidium warneckeanum Kraenzlin, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 70. 1902.		TYPE: TOGO: Near Lome, s.d., Warnecke 196 (holotype: B(destroyed)).
Geodorum pictum	Geodorum pictum Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. 3: 35, t. 14. 1821.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Cult. in Berlin, without data (lectotype: Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. 3: t. 14. 1821). Lectotypified by Garay & Taylor, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 24: 266. 1976.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	19 Jan 1975	G. N. Avery 1540
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	09 Oct 1998	R. Pires FS0139
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	25 Nov 2003	P. L. Howell 734
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	25 Nov 2003	P. L. Howell 735
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	26 Mar 2003	A. Bishop FS0310
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	03 Sep 1988	W. L. Stern s.n.
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	12 Dec 1999	S. W. Woodmansee 429
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	26 Dec 1995	K. A. Bradley 473
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	12 Dec 1998	R. A. Hattaway CS0400
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	5 Oct 2005	M. Rhian s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	10 Feb 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1359
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	12 May 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1762
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	07 Oct 2006	S. Rich s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	16 Oct 2008	S. Dickman s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	26 Jan 2009	B. Upcavage s.n.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	28 Mar 1998	R. A. Hattaway FS0225
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	10 Dec 2007	D. Stinson OS0608
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	03 Sep 2002	S. W. Woodmansee 875
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	12 Mar 2006	J. M. Kunzer 1411
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	09 Oct 2010	A. R. Franck 2345
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	27 Sep 2008	E. Gandy OS0654
Dominican Republic	La Romana Prov.		19 Aug 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7423
Bahamas	New Providence Island		09 Sep 1983	R. P. Sauleda 8425
Puerto Rico	Utuado Mun.		10 Nov 1983	R. P. Sauleda 8578
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	23 Sep 2016	S. Myers 1857
Brazil	Rio de Janeiro		28 Mar 1949	G. J. F. Pabst 373
Brazil	Rio de Janeiro		01 Apr 1952	L. B. Smith 6410
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	16 Apr 1988	R. P. Sauleda 9206
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	11 Aug 2017	C. Werner s.n.
Puerto Rico			24 Nov 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6904
Puerto Rico			24 Nov 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6903
Puerto Rico			24 Sep 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7708
Puerto Rico			05 Oct 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7863
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	19 Jan 2018	A. R. Franck 4315
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	10 Sep 2010	E. Gandy HR0822
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	24 Nov 2015	R. Rowe MK0060
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	03 Oct 2016	S. Dickman 1179
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	03 Apr 1961	S. A. Keen 61,242
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	23 Feb 2015	S. Dickman 910

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.