Phragmites australis

Family:POACEAE
Species:Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. ex Steud.
Common Name:COMMON REED
Plant Notes:Phragmites australis s.str. (introduced, widespread in the USA, rare in Florida) is characterized by a dull culm with conspicuous longitudinal grooves, ligule 0.4-0.9 mm long, leaf sheaths not caducous, and inflorescence branches stiffly ascending to erect. Phragmites australis was first reported from Florida from a 2013 collection in Pinellas Co. (Overholt PIN01, Overholt et al. 2014). See also http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in898
Status:Not Native, OBL (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen: View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order POALES
FamilyPOACEAE
Genus Phragmites
Species Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. ex Steud. - COMMON REED

Citation

Citation PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 324. 1841.
Basionym: Arundo australis Cavanilles 1799.
Type: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Ca. half a league before reaching Botany Bay, coming from Port Jackson, Apr, Née s.n. (holotype: MA).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyHerbariaLiterature Citation (If Applicable)
Pinellas USF  

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Arundo australis Arundo australis Cavanilles, Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100. 1799. TYPE: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Ca. half a league before reaching Botany Bay, coming from Port Jackson, Apr, Née s.n. (holotype: ?).
Arundo karka Arundo karka Retzius, Observ. Bot. 4: 21. 1786. INDIA: Koenig s.n. (holotype, LD [acc. no. 1213145]).
Arundo palustris Arundo palustris Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Arundo phragmites Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. TYPE: Without data (lectotype: LINN 97.6). Lectotypified by Clayton, in Milne-Redhead & Polhill, Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Gramineae 1: 118. 1970.
Arundo vallatoria Arundo vallatoria Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 128. 1821, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Arundo vulgaris Arundo vulgaris Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 3: 615. 1779 ("1778"), nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Cynodon phragmites Cynodon phragmites (Linnaeus) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Phragmites communis Phragmites communis Trinius, Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Phragmites communis var. vulgaris Phragmites communis Trinius, var. vulgaris Boenninghausen, Prodr. Fl. Monast. 24. 1824, nom. inadmiss.BASIONYM: Phragmites communis Trinius 1820; Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Phragmites karka Phragmites karka (Retzius) Trinius ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 324. 1841.BASIONYM: Arundo karka Retzius 1786. 
Phragmites phragmites Phragmites phragmites (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Deut. Fl. 379. 1881, nom. inadmiss.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Phragmites vulgaris Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, Man. Fl. Belgique, ed. 2. 345. 1866, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo vulgaris Lamarck 1778, nom. illegit.; Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Phragmites vulgaris var. typicus Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, var. typicus Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 77. 1890, nom. inadmiss.BASIONYM: Phragmites vulgaris Crépin 1866, nom. illegit.; Phragmites communis Trinius 1820; Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Trichoon karka Trichoon karka (Retzius) Roth, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(3): 37. 1798BASIONYM: Arundo karka Retzius 1786. 
Trichoon phragmites Trichoon phragmites (Linnaeus) Rendle, in Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 218. 1899.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753. 
Arundo aggerum Arundo aggerum Kittel, Linnaea 32: 307. 1863. TYPE: AUSTRIA:
Arundo altissima Arundo altissima Bentham, Cat. Pl. Pyren. 62. 1826. TYPE: SPAIN:
Arundo barbata Arundo barbata Burchell, Trav. S. Africa 2: 271. 1824. TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA:
Arundo graeca Arundo graeca Link, Linnaea 9: 136. 1834. TYPE: GREECE:
Arundo isiaca Arundo isiaca Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 52. 1812, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Arundo maxima Arundo maxima Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 24. 1775. TYPE: EGYPT:
Arundo occidentalis Arundo occidentalis Sieber ex Schultes, Mant. 2: 289. 1824. TYPE: MARTINIQUE: Without data, Sieber 31 (holotype: B; isotype: MO).
Arundo phragmites var. humilis Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. humilis (De Notaris) Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 331. 1900, non Gussone 1832.BASIONYM: Phragmites humilis De Notaris 1846. 
Arundo phragmites var. isiaca Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. isiaca Grisebach, in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 394. 1853.BASIONYM: Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Calamagrostis nigricans Calamagrostis nigricans Merat de Vaumartoise, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2. 2: 33. 1831. TYPE: FRANCE:
Czernya arundinacea Czernya arundinacea C. Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 22. 1820. TYPE: ITALY: Sicily:
Phragmites altissimus Phragmites altissimus (Bentham) Mabille ex Debeaux, Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Echang. Pl. 7: 276. 1880.BASIONYM: Arundo altissima Bentham 1826. 
Phragmites australis subsp. altissimus Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel, subsp. altissimus (Bentham) Clayton, Taxon 17: 169. 1968.BASIONYM: Arundo altissima Bentham 1826. 
Phragmites australis subsp. maximus Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel, subsp. maximus (Forsskål) Soó, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 390. 1978 ("1977").BASIONYM: Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites capensis Phragmites capensis Nees von Esenbeck, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 356. 1841. TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA:
Phragmites communis forma flavescens Phragmites communis Trinius, forma flavescens (Custor ex Gaudin) Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 346. 1866.BASIONYM: Phragmites communis Trinius, var. flavescens Custor ex Gaudin 1830. 
Phragmites communis forma isiacus Phragmites communis Trinius, forma isiacus (Grisebach) Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 346. 1866.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. isiaca Grisebach 1853; Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites communis forma nigricans Phragmites communis Trinius, forma nigricans (Merat de Vaumartoise) Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 346. 1866.BASIONYM: Phragmites nigricans Merat de Vaumartoise 1831. 
Phragmites communis forma variegatus Phragmites communis Trinius, forma variegatus Hitchcock, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2061. 1916.  
Phragmites communis subsp. isiacus Phragmites communis Trinius, subsp. isiacus (Grisebach) Oppenheimer & Evenari, Bull. Soc. Bot. Gèneve, ser. 2. 31: 159. 1940, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, subsp. maximus (Forsskål) Chiovenda 1919; Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. isiaca Grisebach 1853; Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites communis subsp. maximus Phragmites communis Trinius, subsp. maximus (Forsskål) Clayton, Kew Bull. 21: 116. 1967.BASIONYM: Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites communis var. flavescens Phragmites communis Trinius, var. flavescens Custor ex Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 6: 341. 1830. TYPE: SWITZERLAND:
Phragmites communis var. hispanicus Phragmites communis Trinius, var. hispanicus (Nees von Esenbeck) K. Richter, Pl. Eur. 1: 71. 1890.BASIONYM: Phragmites hispanicus Nees von Esenbeck 1841. 
Phragmites communis var. humilis Phragmites communis Trinius, var. humilis (De Notaris) Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 221. 1848.BASIONYM: Phragmites humilis De Notaris 1846. 
Phragmites communis var. isiacus Phragmites communis Trinius, var. isiacus (Grisebach) Cosson, in Durieu de Maisonnueve & Cosson, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 125. 1855.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. isiaca Grisebach 1853; Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites communis var. mauritianus Phragmites communis Trinius, var. mauritianus (Kunth) Baker, Fl. Mauritius 454. 1877.BASIONYM: Phragmites mauritianus Kunth 1830. 
Phragmites dioicus Phragmites dioicus Hackel ex Hicken, Physis (Buenos Aires) 4: 389. 1918. TYPE: ARGENTINA
Phragmites fissifolius Phragmites fissifolius Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 195. 1854. TYPE: CHILE:
Phragmites flavescens Phragmites flavescens (Custor ex Gaudin) Hegetschweiler-Bodmer & Heer, Fl. Schweiz 68. 1838.BASIONYM: Phragmites communis Trinius, var. flavescens Custor ex Gaudin 1830. 
Phragmites hispanicus Phragmites hispanicus Nees von Esenbeck, Gramineae 20. 1841. TYPE: CHILE/SPAIN:
Phragmites humilis Phragmites humilis De Notaris, Cat. Hort. Genuen. 27. 1846; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3. 9: 325. 1848. TYPE: ITALY:
Phragmites isiacus Phragmites isiacus Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 80. 1829, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites mauritianus Phragmites mauritianus Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 277, t. 50. 1830. TYPE: MAURITIUS: Without data, 1820, Desfontaines s.n. (holotype: P; isotype: B).
Phragmites maximus Phragmites maximus (Forsskål) Chiovenda, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ser. 2. 26: 80, 110. 1919.BASIONYM: Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites maximus var. variegatus Phragmites maximus (Forsskål) Chiovenda, var. variegatus (Hitchcock) Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 170. 1935.BASIONYM: Phragmites communis Trinius, forma variegatus Hitchcock 1916. 
Phragmites nakaiana Phragmites nakaiana Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 118. 1930. TYPE: JAPAN:
Phragmites vulgaris subsp. maximus Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, subsp. maximus (Forsskål) Chiovenda, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 113. 1923.BASIONYM: Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites vulgaris var. flavescens Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, var. flavescens (Custor ex Gaudin) Brand, in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 2720. 1907.BASIONYM: Phragmites communis Trinius, var. flavescens Custor ex Gaudin 1830. 
Phragmites vulgaris var. humilis Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, var. humilis (De Notaris) Brand, in W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3. 2720. 1907.BASIONYM: Phragmites humilis De Notaris 1846. 
Phragmites vulgaris var. isiacus Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, var. isiacus (Grisebach) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 876. 1894.BASIONYM: Arundo phragmites Linnaeus, var. isiaca Grisebach 1853; Arundo isiaca Delile 1812, nom. illegit.; Arundo maxima Forsskål 1775. 
Phragmites vulgaris var. mauritianus Phragmites vulgaris Crépin, var. mauritianus (Kunth) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 876. 1895.BASIONYM: Phragmites mauritianus Kunth 1830. 
Phragmites vulnerans Phragmites vulnerans Ascherson, Fl. Brandenburg 2: 80. 1859.  
Reimaria diffusa Reimaria diffusa Sprengel, Neue Entd. 3: 14. 1822. TYPE: MARTINIQUE:
Xenochloa arundinacea Xenochloa arundinacea Lichtenstein ex Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 501. 1817.  

Specimens

Country State County Date Specimen Notes Image
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 04 Nov 2013 W. A. Overholt PIN01
USA Louisiana Orleans Par. 23 Nov 1986 J. MacGregor 516 Sheet 1 of 2.
USA Louisiana Orleans Par. 23 Nov 1986 J. MacGregor 516 Sheet 2 of 2.
Finland Northern Ostrobothnia Oulu 10 Aug 1991 J. R. Abbott E-33
Austria Vienna Favoriten 19 Oct 1991 J. R. Abbott E-357
Austria Burgenland 05 Oct 1991 J. R. Abbott E-198
South Korea Gyeonggi-do Prov. 12 Sep 1966 F. R. Fosberg 48132
Sweden Östergötland Co. Norrköping Mun. 15 Sep 1960 R. J. Eaton s.n.
Denmark Midtjylland Horsens Mun. 10 Aug 1979 R. P. Wunderlin 8114
USA Virginia 02 Oct 1976 L. J. Musselman 4969
USA Massachusetts Plymouth Co. 16 Aug 1908 C. H. Knowlton s.n.
USA New York Suffolk Co. 16 Aug 1915 F. Dobbin 134801
USA Massachusetts Barnstable Co. 20 Sep 1949 C. H. Knowlton s.n.
USA Virginia Princess Anne Co. 08 Oct 1961 R. Kral 14349
USA New York Richmond Co. 30 Sep 1911 P. Dowell 6741
USA Maryland Calvert Co. 01 Oct 1905 A. S. Hitchcock 688
USA Maryland Queen Anne's Co. 15 Jul 2013 D. H. Williams 3754
USA Maryland Dorchester Co. 23 Sep 2012 D. H. Williams 3339
USA Illinois Ogle Co. 10 Oct 1991 K. Puffett 56
USA Maryland Caroline Co. 16 Oct 2015 W. D. Longbottom 26198
USA Utah 11 May 1976 Gilbert 8035 "Reed Grass".
USA Wisconsin Waukesha Co. 21 Sep 1987 Bull s.n.
USA New York Bronx Co. 22 Oct 1966 F. Lohrer 177
USA Wisconsin Dane Co. 25 Dec 1963 F. S. Crosswhite s.n.
USA New Jersey Cape May Co. Aug 1877 I. C. Martindale s.n.
USA Michigan Mackinac Co. 1920 L. F. Allabach s.n.
USA Michigan Mackinac Co. 20 Aug 1920 L. F. Allabach s.n.
USA Minnesota Washington Co. 15 Aug 1972 T. M. Lindayen 168
USA Arizona Apache Co. 02 Sep 1972 R. Halse s.n.
USA Wisconsin Sawyer Co. 28 Aug 1962 H. H. Iltis 20613
USA Nebraska Grant Co. 15 Jul 1966 L. E. Lindstrom 1045
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