Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Sorghum bicolor Moench subsp. verticilliflorum (Steud.)de Wet ex Wiersema & J.Dahlb.
Common Name:	BROOMCORN
Status:	Not Native, FAC (NWPL)

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Sorghum
Species	Sorghum bicolor Moench subsp. verticilliflorum (Steud.)de Wet ex Wiersema & J.Dahlb. - BROOMCORN

Citation

Citation	SORGHUM BICOLOR Moench, subsp. VERTICILLIFLORUM (Steudel) de Wet ex Wiersema & J. Dahlberg, Taxon 56: 944. 2007.
Basionym:	Andropogon verticilliflorum Steudel 1854.
Type:	REUNION ISLAND:

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Collier	FLAS
Hendry	FLAS
Lake	FLAS
Lee	FLAS
Liberty	FSU
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Orange	FLAS
Palm Beach	FLAS
Sarasota	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Andropogon arundinaceum	Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 906. 1806, non Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.		TYPE: GHANA: Without data, Isert s.n. (holotype: B-W).
Andropogon sorghum subsp. effusus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. effusus (Hackel) Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 35. 1915, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885.	BASIONYM: Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. effusum Rendle 1899; Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. effusus Hackel 1889, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885; Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Andropogon sorghum subsp. verticilliflorus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. verticilliflorus (Steudel) Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 37. 1915.	BASIONYM: Andropogon verticilliflorus Steudel 1854.
Andropogon sorghum subvar. aristatus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subvar. aristatus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 503. 1889.	BASIONYM: Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Andropogon sorghum var. effusus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. effusus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 503. 1889, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885.	BASIONYM: Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Andropogon verticilliflorus	Andropogon verticilliflorus Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393. 1854.		TYPE: REUNION ISLAND:
Holcus sorghum subsp. effusus		BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. effusus (Rendle) Piper 1915, non (unranked) effusus Koernicke 1885; Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. effusum Rendle 1899; Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. effusum Hackel 1889, non (unranked) effusus Koernicke 1885; Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Holcus sorghum subsp. verticilliflorus	Holcus sorghum Linnaeus, subsp. verticilliflorus (Steudel) Hitchcock, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 128. 1916.	BASIONYM: Andropogon verticilliflorus Steudel 1854.
Rhaphis arundinacea	Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux, Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831.	BASIONYM: Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Sorghum arundinaceum	Sorghum arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 114. 1917.	BASIONYM: Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum	Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench, subsp. arundinaceum (Desvaux) de Wet & J. R. Harlan ex Davidse, in Brako & Zarucchi, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 45: 1258. 1993, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. effusus (Rendle) Piper 1915, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885; Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. effusum Rendle 1899; Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. effusum Hackel 1889, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885; Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Sorghum halepense var. effusum	Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon, var. effusum Rendle, in Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 150. 1899.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. effusus Hackel 1889, non [unranked] effusus Körnicke 1885; Rhaphis arundinacea Desvaux 1831; Andropogon arundinaceus Willdenow 1805, non P. J. Bergius 1767, nec Scopoli 1772.
Sorghum verticilliflorum	Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steudel) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 116. 1917.	BASIONYM: Andropogon verticilliflorus Steudel 1854.
Andropogon sorghum subsp. abyssinicus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. abyssinicus Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 39. 1915, non [var. abyssinicus] Hackel 1889.		TYPE: SUDAN: Kassala Prov.: At Matamma near Gallabat, close to the border of Ethiopia, 25 Jul 1865, Schweinfurth 1521 (holotype: B; isotype: K).
Andropogon sorghum subsp. eichengeri	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. eichengeri Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 33. 1915.		TYPE: TANZANIA: "Buiho" (Buiko), Jun 1911, Eichinger 3365 (holotype: B).
Andropogon sorghum subsp. vogelianus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. vogelianus Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 34. 1915.		TYPE: NIGERIA: Banks of the Nun mouth of the Niger River, s.d., Vogel 11 (holotype: K).
Andropogon sorghum subvar. breviaristatus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subvar. breviaristatus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 505. 1889.
Andropogon sorghum subvar. longearistatus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subvar. longearistatus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 505. 1889.		TYPE: SUDAN:
Andropogon sorghum var. aethiopicus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. aethiopicus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 504. 1889.		TYPE: SUDAN:
Andropogon sorghum var. virgatus	Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. virgatus Hackel, in Alph. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 504. 1889.		TYPE: SUDAN:
Holcus virgatus	Holcus virgatus (Hackel) L. H. Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 132. 1923.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. virgatus Hackel 1889.
Sorghum abyssinicum	Sorghum abyssinicum Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 118. 1917, non (Fresenius) Kuntze 1891.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. abyssinicus Piper 1915, non [var. abyssinicus] Hackel 1889.
Sorghum aethiopicum	Sorghum aethiopicum (Hackel) Ruprecht ex Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 119. 1917.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. aethiopicus Hackel 1889.
Sorghum aethiopicum var. brevifolium	Sorghum aethiopicum (Hackel) Ruprecht ex Stapf, var. brevifolium Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 224. 1955.		TYPE: SUDAN: Without data, Kotschy 132 (holotype: K).
Sorghum bicolor var. virgatum	Sorghum bicolor (Linnaeus) Moench, var. virgatum (Hackel) de Wet & J. R. Harlan, Amer. J. Bot. 57: 706. 1970.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, var. virgatus Hackel 1889.
Sorghum brevicarinatum	Sorghum brevicarinatum Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 242. 1955.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Usambara district, Muhesa-Amani Road, s.d., Storey 2 (holotype: K).
Sorghum brevicarinatum var. swahilorum	Sorghum brevicarinatum Snowden, var. swahilorum Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 245. 1955.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Usambara District, at Tengeni, s.d., Greenway 1956 (holotype: K).
Sorghum castaneum	Sorghum castaneum C. E. Hubbard & Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 316. 1936.		TYPE: UGANDA: Toro Distr., at Bubandi, s.d., Thomas 714 (holotype: K).
Sorghum lanceolatum	Sorghum lanceolatum Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 112. 1917.
Sorghum macrochaeta	Sorghum macrochaeta Snowden, Cult. Races Sorghum 237. 1936.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. abyssinicus Piper 1915, non [var. abyssinicus] Hackel 1889.
Sorghum panicoides	Sorghum panicoides Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 120. 1917.		TYPE: ETHIOPIA: Without data, Figari s.n. (holotype: K).
Sorghum pugionifolium	Sorghum pugionifolium Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 240. 1955.		TYPE: INDIA: Punjab: Gurgaon, 24 Oct 1886, Drummond 21091 (holotype: K).
Sorghum somaliense	Sorghum somaliense Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 238. 1955.		TYPE: SOMALIA: Without data, McKinnon S/274 (holotype: K).
Sorghum usambarense	Sorghum usambarense Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 245. 1955.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Usambara district, Amani, s.d., Eichinger G5885 (holotype: K).
Sorghum verticilliflorum var. infrequens	Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steudel) Stapf, var. infrequens Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 237. 1955.		TYPE: UGANDA: Lango District, at Athobi, s.d., Thomas 3884 (holotype: K).
Sorghum verticilliflorum var. ornatum	Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steudel) Stapf, var. ornatum Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 235. 1955.		TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA: Little Namaqualand, at Verleptpram near the Orange River, Sep 1840, Drège s.n. (holotype: K; isotype: K).
Sorghum virgatum	Sorghum virgatum (Hackel) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 111. 1917.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum (Brotero, var. virgatus Hackel 1889.
Sorghum vogelianum	Sorghum vogelianum (Piper) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 116. 1917.	BASIONYM: Andropogon sorghum Brotero, subsp. vogelianus Piper 1915.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
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FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

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Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
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Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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Associated Ecological Communities

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2023. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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