Cyrilla racemiflora

Family:CYRILLACEAE
Species:Cyrilla racemiflora L.
Common Name:TITI
Plant Notes:Small-leaved forms have gone by the name C. parvifolia. According to Thomas (1960: 99-103), the two forms "intergrade completely in certain local populations, and there is evidence of considerable gene exchange throughout the area of overlap" (see also Godfrey & Wooten 1981; FNA, vol. 8). Thomas (1960: 103-104) also did not find C. arida to be distinct morphologically or by habitat. See also: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19201688
Status:Native, FAC (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen: View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order ERICALES
FamilyCYRILLACEAE
Genus Cyrilla
Species Cyrilla racemiflora L. - TITI

Citation

Citation CYRILLA RACEMIFLORA Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 50. 1767.
Basionym: **
Type: "in Carolinae pinetis humentibus", without data, Garden s.n. (lectotype: LINN 272.1). Lectotypified by C. Nelson, Taxon 39: 665. 1990.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyHerbariaLiterature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua USF  
Baker USF  
Bay FLAS  
Bradford USF  
Brevard F-Lit Lit-F: J. L. Thomas, Contr. Gray Herb. 186: 79. 1960.
Calhoun USF  
Clay USF  
Columbia FLAS  
Dixie USF  
Duval USF  
Escambia USF  
Flagler USF  
Franklin USF  
Gadsden USF  
Gilchrist USF  
Gulf USF  
Hamilton FLAS  
Highlands USF  
Holmes USF  
Jackson FLAS  
Jefferson USF  
Lafayette USF  
Lake USF  
Leon USF  
Levy FLAS  
Liberty USF  
Madison USF  
Marion FLAS  
Nassau USF  
Okaloosa USF  
Orange USF  
Osceola USF  
Polk USF  
Putnam USF  
Santa Rosa USF  
Seminole USF  
St. Johns USF  
Sumter USF  
Suwannee FLAS  
Taylor USF  
Union FLAS  
Volusia PIHG  
Wakulla USF  
Walton USF  
Washington USF  

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Andromeda plumata Andromeda plumata Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 9. 1785. TYPE: "Carolina and Florida",
Cyrilla arida Cyrilla arida Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 383. 1924. TYPE: FLORIDA: Highlands Co.: Between Avon Park and Sebring, 13 Dec 1920, Small et al. 11486 (holotype: NY; isotype: GH, MICH, MO, TEX).
Cyrilla caroliniana Cyrilla caroliniana Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 158. 1803, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus 1767. 
Cyrilla parvifolia Cyrilla parvifolia Shuttleworth ex Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 101. 1896, non Rafinesque 1840. TYPE: FLORIDA: Wakulla Co.:
Cyrilla parvifolia Cyrilla parvifolia Rafinesque, Autik. Bot. 8. 1840. TYPE: "Florida and Alabama",
Cyrilla polystachia Cyrilla polystachia Rafinesque, Autik. Bot. 8. 1840. TYPE: "Louisiana and Florida",
Cyrilla racemiflora subsp. parvifolia Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus, subsp. parvifolia (Rafinesque) E. Murray, Kalmia 13: 5. 1983.BASIONYM: Cyrilla parvifolia Rafinesque 1840. 
Cyrilla racemiflora var. parvifolia Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus, var. parvifolia (Rafinesque) E. Murray, Kalmia 13: 5. 1983, non Sargent 1921.BASIONYM: Cyrilla parvifolia Rafinesque 1840. 
Cyrilla racemiflora var. parvifolia Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus, var. parvifolia Sargent, J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 166. 1921.BASIONYM: Cyrilla parvifolia Shuttleworth ex Nash 1896, non Rafinesque 1840. 
Itea caroliniana Itea caroliniana Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 315. 1789, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus 1767. 
Itea cyrilla Itea cyrilla Swartz, Prodr. 50. 1788, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus 1767. 
Cyrilla antillana Cyrilla antillana Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 158. 1803.  
Cyrilla brevifolia Cyrilla brevifolia N. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6: 22. 1901. TYPE: GUYANA:
Cyrilla cubensis Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 77. 1902. TYPE: CUBA:
Cyrilla cubensis subsp. nipensis Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson, subsp. nipensis (Urban) Borhidi, Bot. Közlem. 58: 176. 1971.BASIONYM: Cyrilla nipensis P. Wilson 1971. 
Cyrilla fuscata Cyrilla ruscata Rafinesque, Autik. Bot. 8. 1840. TYPE: "Alabama and Georgia",
Cyrilla nipensis Cyrilla nipensis Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 365. 1926. TYPE: CUBA:
Cyrilla nitidissima Cyrilla nitidissima Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 366. 1926. TYPE: CUBA:
Cyrilla perrottetii Cyrilla perrottetii Briquet, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Gèneve 4: 232. 1900. TYPE: GUADELOUPE: Without data, Perrottet s.n. (holotype: G).
Cyrilla racemiflora var. brevifolia Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus, var. brevifolia (N. Brown) Maguire & Wurdack ex Steyermark, Acta Bot. Venez. 2: 234. 1967.BASIONYM: Cyrilla brevifolia N. Brown 1901. 
Cyrilla racemiflora var. subglobosa Cyrilla racemiflora Linnaeus, var. subglobosa Fernald, Rhodora 46: 46, pl. 813(1-2). 1944. TYPE: VIRGINIA: Greensville Co.: Along Mill Creek ca. 1 mi. N of Skippers, 14 Oct 1938, Fernald & Long 9600 (holotype: GH; isotype: PH).

Specimens

Country State County Date Specimen Notes Image
USA Florida Highlands Co. 18 May 1948 R. Garrett 872
USA Florida Polk Co. 25 May 1983 J. Beckner 25298
USA Florida Polk Co. 01 May 1977 A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA Florida Leon Co. 29 Oct 1983 A. Parker 1789
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 14 Oct 1947 F. Ruff s.n.
USA Florida Orange Co. 21 Aug 1994 S. L. Orzell 22893
USA Florida Highlands Co. May 1925 J. K. Small 12655
USA Florida Highlands Co. 09 Oct 1999 R. P. Wunderlin 10709
USA Florida Highlands Co. 26 Jun 1962 J. D. Ray, Jr. 11061
USA Florida Lake Co. 15 Oct 1965 J. Beckner 765
USA Florida Highlands Co. 10 Sep 1987 R. P. Wunderlin 10372
USA Florida Highlands Co. 26 Jun 1962 L. J. Brass 32851
USA Florida Gulf Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54855
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 05 Jun 2006 T. MacClendon 477
USA Florida Duval Co. 14 Aug 2007 C. Slaughter 15760
USA Florida Washington Co. 01 May 1982 R. P. Wunderlin 9335
USA Florida Escambia Co. 13 Sep 1980 B. F. Hansen 8056
USA Florida Flagler Co. 22 May 1979 J. Popenoe 1754
USA Florida Lake Co. 12 Oct 1979 B. F. Hansen 6500
USA Florida Gulf Co. 15 Aug 1979 A. N. Arcuri 885
USA Florida Osceola Co. 26 Aug 1980 W. S. Judd 2704
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 05 Jul 1979 B. F. Hansen 5896
USA Florida Clay Co. 18 May 1979 B. F. Hansen 5521
USA Florida Washington Co. 28 Sep 1981 B. F. Hansen 8800
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 21 Oct 1972 W. Webb 109
USA Florida Gadsden Co. 04 Aug 1958 R. K. Godfrey 57340
USA Florida Alachua Co. 11 Jun 1966 G. T. Crosby 284
USA Florida Okaloosa Co. 14 Sep 1981 R. P. Sauleda 6795
USA Florida Lake Co. 20 Mar 1981 R. P. Wunderlin 8960
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54861
USA Florida Gilchrist Co. 25 Oct 1985 B. F. Hansen 10865
USA Florida Gulf Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55007
USA Florida Bradford Co. 28 Jul 2003 M. T. Strong 3167
USA Florida Washington Co. 09 Sep 1977 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Leon Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54864
USA Florida Liberty Co. 20 Jun 1992 S. L. Orzell 19690
USA Florida Taylor Co. 13 Jun 1956 R. Kral 2619
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 31 Jul 2013 T. MacClendon 1297
USA Florida Gulf Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54857
USA Florida Okaloosa Co. 09 Aug 1950 E. L. Tyson s.n.
USA Florida Polk Co. Jun 1960 C. Danley s.n.
USA Florida Franklin Co. Aug 1951 E.S. Barghoorn 44
USA Florida Holmes Co. 28 Sep 1981 B. F. Hansen 8921
USA Florida Clay Co. 31 May 1981 R. P. Sauleda 5417
USA Florida Lafayette Co. 08 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55014
USA Florida Gadsden Co. 31 May 1960 R. K. Godfrey 59600
USA Florida Taylor Co. 08 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55012
USA Florida Gadsden Co. 25 Jul 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54991
USA Florida Osceola Co. 16 Jun 1988 B. F. Hansen 11779
USA Florida Madison Co. 01 Sep 1987 B. F. Hansen 11519
USA Florida Santa Rosa Co. 30 Jun 1983 S. P. Darwin 2573
USA Florida Liberty Co. 18 Jul 1986 R. P. Wunderlin 10242
USA Florida Lake Co. 27 Sep 1981 R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA Florida Liberty Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55004
USA Florida Madison Co. 08 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55015
USA Florida Leon Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55003
USA Florida Orange Co. 26 May 1976 J. E. Poppleton 770
USA Florida Leon Co. 28 Jun 1966 D. Laker s.n.
USA Florida Walton Co. 13 Sep 1956 R. Kral 3511
USA Florida Gadsden Co. 25 Jul 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54991
USA Florida Leon Co. 29 Sep 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55196
USA Florida Walton Co. 27 Jul 1981 D. S. Correll 52252
USA Florida Walton Co. 28 Jun 1981 D. S. Correll 52141
USA Florida Dixie Co. 26 Jun 1981 D. S. Correll 52092
USA Florida Gulf Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54858
USA Florida Washington Co. 09 Sep 1977 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 25 Jun 1958 R. K. Godfrey 57137
USA Florida Polk Co. Jun 1960 C. Danley s.n.
USA Florida Franklin Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54851
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54862
USA Florida Gulf Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55006
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55005
USA Florida Gulf Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55007
USA Florida Walton Co. 12 Apr 1975 R. D. Suttkus 75-6-8
USA Florida Gulf Co. 12 Jun 1966 S. E. Taylor 151-5
USA Florida Liberty Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54877
USA Florida Baker Co. 11 Jul 1984 B. F. Hansen 10035
USA Florida Walton Co. 29 Oct 1983 A. Parker 1749
USA Florida Putnam Co. 19 Jul 1981 J. Beckner 2530
USA Florida Flagler Co. 12 Jun 1978 D. Tabb s.n.
USA Florida Liberty Co. 20 May 1976 J. C. Solomon 5601
USA Florida Gilchrist Co. 06 Nov 1960 A.A. Will s.n.
USA Florida Lafayette Co. 08 Jul 1992 S. L. Orzell 30075
USA Florida Nassau Co. 05 Jun 2000 C. Slaughter 11683
USA Florida Franklin Co. Aug 1951 E.S. Barghoorn 46
USA Florida Franklin Co. Aug 1951 E.S. Barghoorn 50
USA Florida Gilchrist Co. 29 Aug 1985 S. A. Thompson 2929
USA Florida Jefferson Co. 08 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55016
USA Florida Leon Co. 06 Aug 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55003
USA Florida Liberty Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54875
USA Florida Franklin Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54847
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 26 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54869
USA Florida 09 Oct 2001 K. Francl 325
USA Florida St. Johns Co. 17 May 1993 S. L. Orzell 21907
USA Florida Liberty Co. 01 Oct 2011 W. D. Longbottom 16559
USA Florida Franklin Co. 10 Jun 1897 A. H. Curtiss 5885
USA Florida Liberty Co. 23 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54836
USA Florida Liberty Co. 23 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54838
USA Florida Liberty Co. 23 May 1956 R. K. Godfrey 54840
USA Florida Orange Co. 30 Dec 1978 R. P. Wunderlin 6629
USA Florida Orange Co. 30 Dec 1978 R. P. Wunderlin 6630
USA Florida Osceola Co. 30 Dec 1978 R. P. Wunderlin 6647
USA Florida Seminole Co. 03 May 1960 G. R. Cooley 7630
USA Florida Lafayette Co. 27 Sep 2014 A. R. Franck 3528
USA Florida Gulf Co. 24 May 2014 S. Myers 1292
Jamaica Middlesex Co. Clarendon Par. 01 Feb 1980 R. P. Wunderlin 8793
USA Florida Walton Co. 04 May 2015 S. Myers 1715
USA Florida Highlands Co. 07 Aug 2002 A. Bishop HH0207 CULTIVATED.
USA Missouri St. Louis Co. 13 Jul 1973 C. P. Sreemadhavan 5648 CULTIVATED. MBG-U97.
USA Florida Okaloosa Co. 23 May 1930 M. Mulvania s.n.
Puerto Rico Sabana Grande Mun. 13 Nov 1993 M. Nee 44207
Dominica St. Peter Par. 17 Mar 1991 S. R. Hill 22072
Dominica St. Paul Par. 21 Jul 1964 R. L. Wilbur 7746
Dominica St. Mark Par. 03 Aug 1992 S. R. Hill 24080
Belize Cayo Distr. 12 Apr 1972 D. Burch 6256
Belize Cayo Distr. 28 May 1971 J. Utley 828
Honduras Gracias a Dios Dept. 30 Jan 1984 I. Padilla 195
Honduras Gracias a Dios Dept. 29 Jan 1984 L. Lopez 111
USA Florida Gulf Co. 20 May 2016 W. D. Longbottom 25073
USA Mississippi Jackson Co. 18 Jul 1952 D. Demaree 32242
USA Georgia Charlton Co. 1941 Illegible collector name 116
USA North Carolina 1941 Illegible collector name 24
USA Mississippi Pearl River Co. 23 Sep 1955 J. D. Ray, Jr. 5970
USA Alabama Escambia Co. 19 Aug 1933 O. Blanton 16
USA South Carolina Berkeley Co. 17 Jun 1951 Elbert Luther Little, Jr. 14348 "Swamp Cyrilla".
USA North Carolina Bladen Co. 01 Aug 1956 R. B. Channell 78
USA North Carolina Wilson Co. Sep 1956 J. F. Matthews s.n.
USA Mississippi Clarke Co. 17 Jul 1956 J. D. Ray, Jr. 6970
USA Georgia McIntosh Co. 08 Jun 1909 Huron H. Smith 2265
USA Louisiana Washington Par. 18 Aug 1983 D. D. Taylor 5166 & 85665
USA Mississippi Jackson Co. Jun 1892 J. Skehan 70
USA South Carolina Georgetown Co. 15 Jun 1988 S. R. Hill 19617
USA South Carolina Colleton Co. 15 May 1988 S. R. Hill 19347
USA South Carolina Berkeley Co. 08 Jun 2000 V. E. McNeilus 00-571
USA Mississippi Pearl River Co. 23 Sep 1955 J. D. Ray, Jr. 5970
USA Georgia Cook Co. 22 May 1992 V. E. McNeilus 92-307
USA Alabama Conecuh Co. 18 Jul 1987 S. R. Hill 18179
USA Mississippi Jackson Co. 04 Nov 1982 A. L. Bradburn 1511
USA Mississippi Harrison Co. 29 Jul 1984 C. Hermann 372
USA South Carolina 01 Sep 1949 F. Ruff s.n.
USA Mississippi Jackson Co. 01 Aug 1951 R. B. Channell 74 "Black Titi".
USA Georgia McIntosh Co. 18 Jun 1956 W. H. Duncan 20153
USA Louisiana Beauregard Par. 22 Jun 1969 R. D. Thomas 14541
USA Louisiana Vernon Par. 04 Jun 1986 R. D. Thomas 96500
USA South Carolina Lexington Co. 21 Sep 1987 S. R. Hill 18877
USA Alabama Lee Co. 21 Jun 1980 R. R. Haynes 7852
USA Alabama Coosa Co. 22 Jun 1980 R. R. Haynes 7906
USA Louisiana St. Tammany Par. 12 Jun 1978 C. M. Allen 8225 & 1369
USA South Carolina Charleston Co. 06 Jun 1992 S. R. Hill 23234
USA Alabama Houston Co. 25 Jul 1969 R. Kral 35735
USA Alabama Baldwin Co. 16 May 1971 A. M. Evans 46183
USA South Carolina Lexington Co. 08 Jun 1977 D. W. Crewz 1024
USA South Carolina Colleton Co. 30 Jul 1996 D. R. Lindsey s.n.
USA North Carolina Carteret Co. 09 Jul 1965 B. Scarboro s.n.
USA North Carolina Bladen Co. 06 Jul 1967 D. W. Grigg s.n.
USA Louisiana Winn Par. 14 Nov 1998 R. D. Thomas 158576
USA Mississippi Perry Co. 02 Aug 1987 S. R. Hill 18486
USA Mississippi George Co. 03 Apr 1955 G. R. Cooley 3391
USA Georgia McIntosh Co. 18 Jun 1956 W. H. Duncan 20153
USA North Carolina Onslow Co. 28 Jun 1963 R. L. Wilbur 6885
USA Georgia Bleckley Co. 02 Sep 1967 R. L. Lane, Jr. 1084
USA Alabama Washington Co. 05 Aug 1980 R. R. Haynes 8150
USA Mississippi Stone Co. 06 Aug 1952 D. Demaree 32551
USA Mississippi Stone Co. 16 Aug 1952 D. Demaree 32867
USA Louisiana St. Tammany Par. 27 May 1976 G. D. Wallace 1533
USA South Carolina Marion Co. 11 Jun 1977 D. W. Crewz 1063
USA North Carolina Harnett Co. 16 Jun 1965 M. G. Ford 104
USA Florida Lake Co. 12 Sep 1929 M. Mulvania s.n.
USA Florida Summers Co. 28 May 2020 E. Williamson s.n.
USA Florida Walton Co. 01 Mar 2019 T. G. Lammers 16319
USA Florida Polk Co. 17 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5516A
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 11 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5619
USA Florida Osceola Co. 17 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5598
USA Florida Osceola Co. 17 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5596A
USA Florida Liberty Co. 10 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5474
USA Florida Calhoun Co. 11 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5634
USA Florida Liberia 10 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5475
USA Florida Osceola Co. 17 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5596
USA Florida Polk Co. 17 Jun 1964 C. F. Caudle 5516A
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 24 Apr 2019 M. Nee 64901 Voucher for wood specimens at Kw, Lw, MADw, MEXUw.
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 24 Apr 2019 M. Nee 64907 Voucher for wood specimens at Kw, Lw, MADw, MEXUw, RSAw.
USA Florida Wakulla Co. 14 Apr 2019 M. Nee 64879 Voucher for wood specimens at Kw, Lw, MADw, MEXUw, RSAw.
USA Virginia 12 Sep 1974 L. J. Musselman 4819
USA Texas Angelina Co. 07 Jun 1963 D. S. Correll 27538
USA Virginia 05 Jul 1924 L. Griscom 6904
Mexico Jalisco Mun. Zapotitlán 17 Sep 1991 A. C. Sanders 11378
USA Virginia Southampton Co. 26 Aug 1936 M. L. Fernald 6630
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