Vitex trifolia

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	LAMIACEAE
Species:	Vitex trifolia L.
Common Name:	SIMPLELEAF CHASTETREE
Status:	Not Native, FISC(II), UPL (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	LAMIALES
Family	LAMIACEAE
Genus	Vitex
Species	Vitex trifolia L. - SIMPLELEAF CHASTETREE

Citation

Citation	VITEX TRIFOLIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 638. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	INDIA: Without data (lectotype: LINN 811.7). Lectotypified by Moldenke & A. Moldenke, in Dassanayake & Fosberg, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 4: 378. 1983.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	FLAS
Flagler	PIHG
Glades	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Manatee	USF
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	FTG
Monroe Keys	FLAS
Monroe Mainland	FLAS
Osceola	USF
Palm Beach	USF
Pinellas	USF
Sarasota	USF
St. Johns	USF
St. Lucie	USF
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Vitex agnus-castus var. subtrisecta	Vitex agnus-castus Linnaeus, var. subtrisecta Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891.		TYPE: INDONESIA: Java: Willisgebirge, 28 Aug 1875, Kuntze 5817 (holotype: NY).
Vitex agnus-castus var. trifolia	Vitex agnus-castus Linnaeus, var. trifolia (Linnaeus) Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 270. 1877.	BASIONYM: Vitex trifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 88. 1961.	BASIONYM: Vitex agnus-castus Linnaeus, var. subtrisecta Kuntze 1891.
Vitex trifolia var. trifoliata	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. trifoliata Chamisso, Linnaea 7: 107. 1832, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Vitex trifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Vitex trifolia var. trifoliolata	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. trifoliolata Schauer, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 683. 1847, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Vitex trifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Vitex trifolia var. variegata	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. variegata Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 31. 1941.
Vitex variifolia	Vitex variifolia Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 107. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Vitex trifolia Linnaeus 1753.
Vitex bicolor	Vitex bicolor Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 660. 1809.		TYPE: Cult. in Berlin, without data, Herb. Willdenow 11709 (lectotype: B). Lectotypified by Munir, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 10: 66. 1987.
Vitex indica	Vitex indica MIller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, errata. 1768, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Vitex integerrima Miller 1768.
Vitex integerrima	Vitex integerrima Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Vitex iriomotensis	Vitex iriomotensis Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 29. 1938.		TYPE: JAPAN: Liukiu Islands: Iriomote,
Vitex negundo var. bicolor	Vitex negundo Linnaeus, var. bicolor (Willdenow) H. J. Lam, Verben. Malay Archip. 191. 1919.	BASIONYM: Vitex bicolor Willdenow 1809.
Vitex petiolaris	Vitex petiolaris Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 561. 1928.		TYPE: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Cairns, Dec 1909, Domin s.n. (holotype: PR).
Vitex rotundifolia forma heterophylla	Vitex rotundifolia Linnaeus f., forma heterophylla (Makino) Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 34. 1972.	BASIONYM: Vitex rotundifolia Linnaeus f., var. heterophylla Makino 1940.
Vitex rotundifolia var. heterophylla	Vitex rotundifolia Linnaeus f., var. heterophylla Makino, Ill. Fl. Nippon 186. 1940.		TYPE: JAPAN:
Vitex trifolia forma albiflora	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, forma albiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 90. 1961, non Moldenke 1961.		TYPE: AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rurutu: Peva, 28 Aug 1934, St. John 16705 (holotype: UC).
Vitex trifolia forma albiflora	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, forma albiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86. 1961.		TYPE: TONGAN ISLANDS: Eua Island, Ohonua, 27 Jun 1926, Parks 16178 (holotype: UC).
Vitex trifolia var. acutifolia	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. acutifolia Bentham, Fl. Austral. 5: 67. 1870.		TYPE: AUSTRALIA: Queensland:
Vitex trifolia var. bicolor	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. bicolor (Willdenow) Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distr. Verben. 79. 1942.	BASIONYM: BASIONYM: Vitex bicolor Willdenow 1809.
Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla	Vitex trifolia Linnaeus, var. heterophylla (Makino) Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 178. 1949.	BASIONYM: Vitex rotundifolia Linnaeus f., var. heterophylla Makino 1940.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	31 Mar 1983	G. Fleming 3489
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	28 Oct 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6210
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	03 Dec 2005	C. Raymond s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	29 Dec 1971	P. Genelle 1101
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	26 Aug 1967	P. M. Cassen 165
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	05 Jan 2003	P. L. Howell 623
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	01 Apr 2002	S. M. Kennedy 478
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	02 Jul 1981	B. F. Hansen 8401
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	07 Jun 1964	O. K. Lakela 27204
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	24 Jul 2002	S. W. Woodmansee 752
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	10 May 1987	G. Fleming 3752
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	25 Feb 2002	J. E. Tear 2050
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	06 Oct 2001	S. Myers 307
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	29 Jul 1980	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	03 Dec 1988	D. Hohlt 21
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	19 Aug 2007	J. M. Kunzer 2167
USA	Florida	St. Lucie Co.	29 Aug 2008	C. Lockhart 365
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	10 Jun 2009	A. R. Franck 1317
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	19 Jul 2006	E. Jensen HH0370
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	19 Aug 2009	A. Lipham s.n.
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	30 May 2006	S. W. Woodmansee 1867
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	19 May 2012	D. H. Williams 3176
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	02 May 2012	D. Hilbert 60
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	23 May 2013	R. Chicone 1031
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	31 Aug 2014	S. Myers 1413
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Aug 1970	D. Burch 3670	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Aug 1970	D. Burch 3629	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	24 Jan 1998	C. vanHoek 1022	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	21 Jul 1963	S. A. Rowher s.n.	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	22 May 1966	O. K. Lakela 29881	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	24 Jan 1998	C. vanHoek 1022	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	20 Mar 1973	A.G. Shuey M0599	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	25 Jul 2006	B. F. Hansen 13115	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	12 Aug 1970	D. Burch 3628	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	Jul 1970	D. Burch 3961	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	18 May 1979	G. N. Avery 2110	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	14 Jul 1971	D. Burch 4149	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	29 Apr 1964	A. Grant 71	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Osceola Co.	21 Sep 2016	S. J. Miller s.n.
USA	Florida	Glacier Co.	14 May 1964	F. Rich s.n.
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	15 Apr 1965	F. Welch s.n.	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	14 Nov 2007	S.W. Braem EB0104
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	30 Aug 2010	S. Dickman 255
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	30 Mar 2017	S. Dickman 1200
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	05 Sep 2019	S. Dickman 1498
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	24 Aug 2022	C. J. McCartney s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	01 Nov 2017	P. A. Schmalzer 17-17

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2023. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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