Acalypha wilkesiana

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	EUPHORBIACEAE
Species:	Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg.
Common Name:	WILKES' COPPERLEAF
Plant Notes:	According to Sagun et al. (2010), Acalypha wilkesiana is not most closely related to A. amentacea and is better treated as a species known only from cultivation that is more closely related to A. hispida.
Status:	Not Native, FAC (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	MALPIGHIALES
Family	EUPHORBIACEAE
Genus	Acalypha
Species	Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. - WILKES' COPPERLEAF

Citation

Citation	ACALYPHA WILKESIANA Müller Argoviensis, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 817. 1866.
Basionym:	**
Type:	FIJI: Without data, U.S. Expl. Exped. s.n. (holotype: K; isotype: K, US).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Lee	USF
Manatee	FLAS
Monroe Keys	USF
Polk	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana	Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh, subsp. wilkesiana (Müller Argoviensis) Fosberg, in Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 10. 1980.	BASIONYM: Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis 1866.
Ricinocarpus wilkesianus	Ricinocarpus wilkesianus (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 618. 1891.	BASIONYM: Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis 1866.
Acalypha amentacea forma circinata	Acalypha amentacea Roxburgh, forma circinata (Müller Argoviensis) Fosberg, in Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 11. 1980.	BASIONYM: Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma circinata Müller Argoviensis 1866.
Acalypha chantrieri	Acalypha chantrieri André, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 69: 402. 1897.
Acalypha compacta	Acalypha compacta Guilfoyle ex C. T. White, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 94: 343. 1933.
Acalypha godseffiana	Acalypha godseffiana Masters, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 23: 241, f. 87. 1898.		TYPE: NEW GUINEA:
Acalypha godseffiana var. heterophylla	Acalypha godseffiana Masters, var. heterophylla L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 191. 1914.
Acalypha hamiltoniana	Acalypha hamiltoniana Pynaert, Nursery Cat. (Ed. Pynaert - Van Geert) 1894-1895: 7. 1894.
Acalypha hamiltoniana forma monstrosa	Acalypha hamiltoniana Pynaert, forma monstrosa J. J. Smith, Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 18. 1910.
Acalypha macafeeana	Acalypha macafeeana Veitch, Cat. Pl. 25. 1878.
Acalypha macrophylla	Acalypha macrophylla Van Geert, Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 74: 1. 1876, non Kunth 1817.
Acalypha marginata	Acalypha marginata (T. MooreJ. J. Smith, Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 19. 1910, non Sprengel 1826.	BASIONYM: Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, var. marginata T. Moore 1875.
Acalypha morfontanensis	Acalypha morfontanensis Chartrier ex André, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 69: 402. 1897.
Acalypha musaica	Acalypha musaica B. S. Williams, Gard. Chron., ser. 2. 1877: 520. 1877.
Acalypha triumphans	Acalypha triumphans L. Linden & Rodigas, Ill. Hort. 35: 55, pl. 55. 1888.
Acalypha wilkesiana forma appendiculata	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma appendiculata J. W. Moore, Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 102: 29. 1933.
Acalypha wilkesiana forma circinata	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma circinata Müller Argoviensis, in de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 817. 1866.
Acalypha wilkesiana forma illustris	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma illustris J. J. Smith, Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20. 1910.
Acalypha wilkesiana forma macrophylla	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma macrophylla J. J. Smith, Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20. 1910.
Acalypha wilkesiana forma triumphans	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, forma triumphans (L. Linden & Rodigas) J. J. Smith, Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20. 1910.	BASIONYM: Acalypha triumphans L. Linden & Rodigas 1888.
Acalypha wilkesiana var. marginata	Acalypha wilkesiana Müller Argoviensis, var. marginata T. Moore, Florist & Pomol. 28: 283. 1875.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	03 Dec 1966	G. R. Cooley 11948
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	27 Jul 1981	W. C. Brumbach 9716
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	08 Mar 2002	J. E. Tear 2077
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	08 Sep 1981	W. C. Brumbach 9732
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	Jul 1970	D. Burch 3790	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	02 Aug 1970	D. Burch 3791	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	Jul 1970	D. Burch 3788	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	24 Feb 1967	G. R. Cooley 11832	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	12 Jul 1970	D. Burch 3789	CULTIVATED.
Puerto Rico	San Juan Mun.			D. Burch 6707	CULTIVATED.
Canada	Ontario		19 Oct 1976	W. I. Illman 16674	CULTIVATED.
Trinidad & Tobago	Trinidad		22 Jul 1964	W. Miller B865	CULTIVATED; plant number L95.
Dominica		St. Paul Par.	29 May 1994	S. R. Hill 25651	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	11 Jun 1958	J. V. Pancho 1531	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	07 Jul 1972	D. Burch 6800	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	03 Jul 1971	D. Burch 4187	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	12 Jul 1971	D. Burch 4147	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	12 Jul 1971	D. Burch 4144	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	02 Apr 1970	D. B. Dunn 16528	CULTIVATED.
Cayman Islands	Grand Cayman Island		20 Aug 1971	N. Chevalier 147
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	04 Jun 1930	M. Mulvania s.n.	CULTIVATED
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	04 Jun 1930	M. Mulvania s.n.	CULTIVATED
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	27 Sep 1973	V. W. Yingst s.n.	CULTIVATED
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	27 Sep 1973	V. W. Yingst s.n.	CULTIVATED
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	20 Jan 1999	A. Anderson s.n.	CULTIVATED. Common Name: Copper Leaf.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

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