Urochloa mutica

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen
Common Name:	PARAGRASS
Status:	Not Native, FISC(I), FACW (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Urochloa
Species	Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen - PARAGRASS

Citation

Citation	UROCHLOA MUTICA (Forsskål) T. Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966.
Basionym:	Panicum muticum Forsskål 1775.
Type:	EGYPT: Rosetta, s.d., Forsskål s.n. (holotype: C).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Collier	USF
DeSoto	USF
Escambia	FSU
Glades	USF
Hardee	USF
Hendry	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	USF
Lee	USF
Manatee	USF
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Mainland	USF
Okeechobee	USF
Osceola	MO
Palm Beach	FLAS
Pinellas	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	USF
Sarasota	USF
Seminole	USF
St. Johns	FLAS
St. Lucie	FLAS
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Brachiaria mutica	Brachiaria mutica (Forsskål) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 526. 1919.	BASIONYM: Panicum muticum Forsskål 1775.
Brachiaria purpurascens	Brachiaria purpurascens (Raddi) Henrard, Blumea 3: 434. 1940.	BASIONYM: Panicum purpurascens Raddi 1823.
Panicum barbinode	Panicum barbinode Trinius, Sp. Gram. 3: t. 318. 1829-1830.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Bahia: Without locality, 1831, Riedel s.n. (holotype: LE; isotypes: K, US fragm).
Panicum muticum	Panicum muticum Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775.		TYPE: EGYPT: Rosetta, s.d., Forsskål s.n. (holotype: C).
Panicum pictiglumum	Panicum pictigluma Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 73. 1853, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Panicum purpurascens Raddi 1823.
Panicum purpurascens	Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. 47. 1823.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, s.d., Raddi s.n. (lectotype: PI; isolectotypes: FI, PI, US(fragm)). Lectotypified by Baldini & Longhi Wagner, Taxon 55: 479. 2006.
Brachiaria numidiana	Brachiaria numidiana (Lamarck) Henrard, Blumea 3: 434. 1940.	BASIONYM: Panicum numidianum Lamarck 1791.
Panicum amphibium	Panicum amphibium Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 61. 1853.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Bahia:
Panicum equinum	Panicum equinum Salzmann ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 67. 1853.		TYPE: BRAZIL/PARAGUAY:
Panicum guadaloupense	Panicum guadaloupense Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 61. 1853.		TYPE: GUADELOUPE:
Panicum numidianum	Panicum numidianum Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791.		TYPE: EGYPT: Without data, Poiret s.n. (holotype: P; isotypes: BAA fragm, SI).
Panicum punctulatum	Panicum punctulatum Arnott ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853.		TYPE: SRI LANKA:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	07 Nov 1999	J. Myers 563
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	11 Nov 1987	G. Fleming 3831
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	04 Nov 1971	D. Auth 123
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	28 Oct 1960	J. D. Ray, Jr. 10616
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	15 Dec 2000	C. Becker WC0588
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	11 Nov 1971	G. N. Avery 1065
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	03 Oct 1978	R. Coin 4
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	10 Dec 1980	T. F. Rochow s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	09 Nov 1975	J. E. Poppleton 625
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	21 Dec 1966	O. K. Lakela 30504
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	11 Nov 1960	O. K. Lakela 23607
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	18 Nov 1967	O. K. Lakela 31231
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	21 Nov 1966	O. K. Lakela 30328
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	11 Nov 1975	J. E. Poppleton 615
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	12 Dec 1972	A.G. Shuey M0695
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	02 Dec 2003	B. F. Hansen 12992
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	17 Nov 1976	P. Genelle 2554
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	05 Dec 1968	G. N. Avery 554
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	30 Oct 1979	G. Fleming 3311
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	01 Nov 1969	W. L. McCart 11202
USA	Florida	Hardee Co.	10 Nov 1978	B. F. Hansen 4937
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	08 Nov 1978	C. G. Wright 134
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	06 Feb 2005	J. M. Kunzer 925
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	08 Nov 1994	S. L. Orzell 23430
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	04 Nov 1978	C. H. Dodson 4945
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	23 May 2002	R. A. Hattaway CS0529
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	13 Dec 2005	B. F. Hansen 13112
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	13 Dec 1972	A.G. Shuey M0694
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	17 Dec 2003	P. L. Howell 751
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	26 Nov 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6416
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	06 Nov 2005	J. M. Kunzer 1212
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	26 Nov 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6403
USA	Florida	Hardee Co.	11 Dec 1978	A. Fulton 363
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	05 Dec 1980	B. F. Hansen 8085
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	29 Oct 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6379
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	21 Mar 1965	D. Laker s.n.
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	14 Nov 2007	C. Slaughter 16163
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	26 Oct 2007	J. M. Kunzer 2226
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	14 Nov 1997	C. vanHoek 989
USA	Florida	Glades Co.	09 Dec 2009	A. R. Franck 1621
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	04 Dec 2010	A. R. Franck 2522
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	11 Nov 2010	P. A. Schmalzer 10-60
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Sep 1987	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	Dec 1988	R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	09 Oct 2011	A. R. Franck 2869
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	18 Oct 2006	S. W. Woodmansee 1955
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	28 Oct 2012	A. R. Franck 3186
USA	Florida	Glades Co.	10 Nov 2012	A. R. Franck 3205
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	22 Nov 2012	S. Myers 776
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	28 Nov 2013	D. H. Williams 3878
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	02 Mar 2002	K. A. Bradley 2244
USA	Florida	Hardee Co.	24 Jan 2015	P. J. Simoes 74
Puerto Rico		Bayamon Mun.	17 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 9020
Suriname	Nickerie Distr.		21 Dec 1961	W. H. A. Hekking 945	"para-grass"
Brazil	Amazonas		11 Aug 1971	P. J. M. Maas 372
Mexico			31 Aug 1910	A. S. Hitchcock 4
Costa Rica	Cartago Prov.		27 Mar 1969	J. J. Cordoba 1032
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	01 Dec 2018	T. Muzyczka TC0154
USA	Florida	Okeechobee Co.	14 Jan 2021	A. R. Franck 5092

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2025. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.