Quercus velutina

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	FAGACEAE
Species:	Quercus velutina Lam.
Common Name:	BLACK OAK
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FAGALES
Family	FAGACEAE
Genus	Quercus
Species	Quercus velutina Lam. - BLACK OAK

Citation

Citation	QUERCUS VELUTINA Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 721. 1785.
Basionym:	**
Type:	**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Gadsden	GH
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	FLAS
Leon	USF
Liberty	FSU
Madison	FSU
Suwannee	FLAS
Wakulla	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Quercus coccinea var. tinctoria	Quercus coccinea Münchhausen, var. tinctoria Alph. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 61. 1864.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux 1801, nom. illegit.; Quercus velutina Lamarck 1785.
Quercus rubra var. tinctoria	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, var. tinctoria (Alph. de Candolle) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 642. 1891.	BASIONYM: Quercus coccinea Münchhausen, var. tinctoria Alph. de Candolle 1864; Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux 1801, nom. illegit.; Quercus velutina Lamarck 1785.
Quercus tinctoria	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 13. 1801, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Quercus velutina Lamarck 1787.
Quercus tinctoria subsp. discolor	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, subsp. discolor Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 121. 1889, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux 1801, nom. illegit.; Quercus velutina Lamarck 1785.
Quercus tinctoria var. angulosa	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. angulosa Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 13(1). 1801, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux 1801, nom. illegit.; Quercus velutina Lamarck 1785.
Quercus velutina forma angulosa	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma angulosa Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. angulosa Michaux 1801, nom. inadmiss.; Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux 1801, nom. illegit.; Quercus velutina Lamarck 1785.
Quercus coccinea var. nigrescens	Quercus coccinea Muenchhausen, var. nigrescens Alph. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 61. 1864.
Quercus discolor	Quercus discolor Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 358. 1789.
Quercus leiodermis	Quercus leiodermis Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 43. 1924.		TYPE: MISSOURI:
Quercus missouriensis	Quercus missouriensis (Sargent) Ashe, Bull. Charleston Mus. 13: 28. 1917.	BASIONYM: Quercus velutina Lamarck, var. missouriensis Sargent 1905.
Quercus tinctoria var. macrophylla	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. macrophylla Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 123, f. 59. 1891.
Quercus tinctoria var. magnifica	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. magnifica Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 122, f. 58. 1891.
Quercus tinctoria var. nobilis	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. nobilis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 124, f. 60. 1891.
Quercus tinctoria var. pseudoxalapensis	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. pseudoxalapensis Ettingshausen & Krasan, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 56: 65, pl. 13(9-10). 1889.
Quercus tinctoria var. sinuosa	Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. sinuosa Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 13(2), t. 25. 1801.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA/GEORGIA:
Quercus velutina forma acuta	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma acuta Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 197. 1924.
Quercus velutina forma dilaniata	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma dilaniata Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 197. 1924.
Quercus velutina forma macrophylla	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma macrophylla (Dippel) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. macrophylla Dippel 1891.
Quercus velutina forma magnifica	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma magnifica (Dippel) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. magnifica Dippel 1891.
Quercus velutina forma missouriensis	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma missouriensis (Sargent) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 197, 198. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus velutina Lamarck, var. missouriensis Sargent 1905.
Quercus velutina forma nobilis	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma nobilis (Dippel) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. nobilis Dippel 1891.
Quercus velutina forma obovata	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma obovata Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924.
Quercus velutina forma pagodaeformis	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma pagodaeformis Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 197. 1924.
Quercus velutina forma sinuosa	Quercus velutina Lamarck, forma sinuosa (Michaux) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 198. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus tinctoria W. Bartram ex Michaux, var. sinuosa Michaux 1801.
Quercus velutina var. missouriensis	Quercus velutina Lamarck, var. missouriensis Sargent, Man. Trees 239. 1905.		TYPE: MISSOURI/ARKANSAS:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	17 Jul 1966	D. Laker s.n.
USA	Georgia	Fannin Co.	02 Oct 1982	N. C. Coile 3411
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	11 Oct 1991	S. R. Hill 22746
USA	South Carolina	Calhoun Co.	14 Jun 1988	S. R. Hill 19587
USA	Arkansas	Stone Co.	23 Sep 1969	D. Demaree 61193
USA	Alabama	Baldwin Co.	20 May 1981	G. Wilhelm 8940
USA	Arkansas	Polk Co.	22 Sep 1966	D. Demaree 54576
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	29 Jul 1977	P. Genelle 2969
USA	Arkansas	Crittenden Co.	16 Sep 1969	D. Demaree 61041
USA	North Carolina	Randolph Co.	19 Jul 1953	L. Melvin s.n.
USA	Mississippi	Scott Co.	16 Jun 1969	S. B. Jones 16612
USA	Mississippi	Lauderdale Co.	28 Jul 1967	S. B. Jones 15012
USA	Georgia	Harris Co.	24 Aug 1971	S. B. Jones 21223
USA	Arkansas	Drew Co.	03 Oct 1944	D. Demaree 25309
USA	Iowa	Iowa Co.	30 May 1975	J. C. Semple 1236
USA	Virginia	Fairfax Co.	23 Sep 1976	T. R. Bradley 11555
USA	Virginia	Prince William Co.	05 May 1971	S. Montoney s.n.
USA	Oklahoma	McCurtain Co.	08 Apr 1972	D. Moseley 387
USA	Illinois	Winnebago Co.	11 Jul 1926	L. H. Pammal 283
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	23 Sep 2007	P. D. Sorensen 07-75
USA	Wisconsin	Pepin Co.	23 Sep 1976	B. F. Hansen 4617
USA	Illinois	Union Co.	22 May 2001	S. R. Hill 33813
USA	Missouri	McDonald Co.	02 Oct 1986	M. Nee 33258
USA	Oklahoma	Murray Co.	05 Apr 1975	R. J. Tyrl s.n.
USA	Illinois	Winnebago Co.	25 May 1995	S. R. Hill 26554
USA	Illinois	Cass Co.	26 Jun 1996	S. R. Hill 28320
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	15 Sep 1981	D. D. Taylor 1269a
USA	Illinois	Williamson Co.	29 Aug 2002	S. R. Hill 34961
USA	Missouri	St. Louis Co.	14 Oct 1976	D. E. Boufford 18919
USA	Pennsylvania	Lehigh Co.	11840	J. Wolle s.n.
USA	West Virginia	Taylor Co.	05 May 1958	G. B. Rossbach 908
USA	Illinois	Cass Co.	15 Jul 2006	S. R. Hill 37002
USA	Illinois	Cass Co.	24 May 2006	S. R. Hill 36939
USA	Oklahoma	McCurtain Co.	08 Apr 1972	B. Watters 532
USA	Illinois	Brown Co.	21 Sep 2000	S. R. Hill 33237
USA	Wisconsin	Sauk Co.	23 May 1964	unknown s.n.
USA	Oklahoma		05 Oct 1957	C. S. Wallis 6070
USA	Oklahoma	Delaware Co.	18 Oct 1957	C. S. Wallis 6182
USA	Illinois	Cass Co.	24 May 2006	S. R. Hill 36926
USA	Pennsylvania	Westmoreland Co.	22 May 1937	L. K. Henry 605
USA	Michigan	Midland Co.	14 Sep 1933	R. R. Dreisbach 7822
USA	Kentucky	Powell Co.	30 May 1961	J. C. Warden 22
USA	Wisconsin	Lafayette Co.	30 May 1959	G. Schefdore s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	10 May 1894	L. L. Dame s.n.
USA	Illinois	La Salle Co.	28 Jul 2003	S. R. Hill 35344
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	Jul 1858	E. S. Hoar s.n.
USA	Illinois	Fayette Co.	18 Sep 2001	S. R. Hill 34357
USA	Illinois	Clark Co.	05 Sep 2002	S. R. Hill 34997
USA	North Carolina	Orange Co.	14 Jun 1965	M. G. Ford 49

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.