Danthonia spicata

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Danthonia spicata (L.)P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.
Common Name:	POVERTYGRASS
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Danthonia
Species	Danthonia spicata (L.)P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. - POVERTYGRASS

Citation

Citation	DANTHONIA SPICATA (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 690. 1817.
Basionym:	Avena spicata Linnaeus 1753.
Type:	PENNSYLVANIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 95.24). Lectotypified by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 123. 1908.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Gadsden	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Avena glumosa	Avena glumosa Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 72. 1803, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Avena spicata Linnaeus 1753.
Avena spicata	Avena spicata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 80. 1753.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 95.24). Lectotypified by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 123. 1908.
Danthonia glumosa	Danthonia glumosa Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 92, 153, 160. 1812, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Avena glumosa Michaux 1803, nom. illegit.; Avena spicata Linnaeus 1753.
Danthonia spicata var. typica	Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. typica Fernald, Rhodora 45: 242. 1943, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes 1817; Avena spicata Linnaeus 1753.
Pentameris spicata	Pentameris spicata (Linnaeus) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride, Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1913.	BASIONYM: Avena spicata Linnaeus 1753.
Danthonia pinetorum	Danthonia pinetorum (Piper) Piper, in Piper & Beattie, Fl. N.W. Coast 46. 1915.	BASIONYM: Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. pinetorum Piper 1899.
Danthonia spicata var. longipila	Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. longipila Lamson-Scribner & Merrill, Circ. Div. Agrostol., U.S.D.A. 30: 7. 1901.		TYPE: ARKANSAS: Benton Co.: Without data, Plank 38 (holotype: ?; isotype: US).
Danthonia spicata var. pinetorum	Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. pinetorum Piper, Erythea 7: 103. 1899.		TYPE: WASHINGTON: Mason Co.: Without locality, 13 Jul 1890, Piper 943 (lectotype: US). Lectotypified by Darbyshire & Pavlick, Phytologia 82: 74. 1997.
Danthonia spicata var. villosa	Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. villosa Peck, Rep. (Annual) New York State Mus. 47: 168. 1894.		TYPE: NEW YORK:
Danthonia thermale	Danthonia thermale Lamson-Scribner, Circ Div. Agrostol., U.S.D.A. 30: 5. 1901.		TYPE: WYOMING: Yellowstone National Park, dry slopes about the geyser formation, Norris, 25 Jul 1899, Nelson & Nelson 6140 (holotype: US; isotype: NY).
Merathrepta pinetorum	Merathrepta pinetorum (Piper) Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 122. 1906.	BASIONYM: Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. pinetorum Piper 1899.
Merathrepta thermale	Merathrepta thermale (Lamson-Scribner) A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 5: 120. 1909.	BASIONYM: Danthonia thermale Lamson-Scribner 1901.
Merathrepta thermale var. pinetorum	Merathrepta thermale (Lamson-Scribner) A. Heller, var. pinetorum (Piper) A. Heller ex Fedde & Schuster, Just's Bot. Jahresber. 37: 128. 1911.	BASIONYM: Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, var. pinetorum Piper 1899.
Pentameris thermale	Pentameris thermale (Lamson-Scribner) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride, Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1913.	BASIONYM: Danthonia thermale Lamson-Scribner 1901.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	North Carolina	Haywood Co.	15 Sep 1980	R. P. Sauleda 4526
USA	North Carolina		Jun 1841	F. I. X. Rugel s.n.
USA	Tennessee	Wilson Co.	22 Jun 1968	K. E. Rogers 41784
USA	Tennessee		s.d.	F. I. X. Rugel 283
USA	Tennessee		s.d.	F. I. X. Rugel 283
USA	Tennessee	Unicoi Co.	13 Jun 1969	A. J. Sharp 43092
USA	Georgia	Rabun Co.	02 Jul 1960	G. R. Swank 894
USA	Tennessee	Coffee Co.	11 Jun 1960	G. R. Swank 809
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	06 May 1986	R. D. Thomas 95926
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	02 Jun 1979	C. M. Allen 8798
USA	North Carolina	Avery Co.	17 Jun 1958	H. E. Ahles 43408
USA	Tennessee	Marion Co.	08 Apr 2000	S. R. Hill 32183
USA	Alabama	Tuscaloosa Co.	09 May 1933	R. M. Harper 3056
USA	Mississippi	Alcorn Co.	06 Jun 1957	G. R. Cooley 5175
USA	Arkansas	Grant Co.	06 May 1955	G. R. Cooley 4192
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	28 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3962
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	25 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3702
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	28 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3962
USA	South Carolina	Lexington Co.	13 May 2016	K. A. Bradley 4336
USA	Massachusetts	Hampden Co.	05 Jun 1998	T. M. Zebryk 4788
USA	Wisconsin	Sawyer Co.	28 Aug 1980	B. F. Hansen 8009
USA	Wisconsin	Lincoln Co.	23 Jun 1962	H. H. Iltis 20326
USA	West Virginia	Monongalia Co.	16 Jun 1943	C. R. Orton s.n.
USA	Virginia	Lee Co.	05 Jun 1970	L. J. Uttal 7188
USA	Illinois	Williamson Co.	15 May 2002	S. R. Hill 34612
USA	Illinois	Saline Co.	02 Jun 2009	S. R. Hill 38119
USA	Montana	Flathead Co.	01 Jul 1960	L. H. Harvey 6781
USA	New Hampshire	Coos Co.	12 Jul 1956	A. S. Pease 38312
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	24 May 1938	M. E. Wharton 2345
USA	District of Columbia		30 May 1905	A. S. Hitchcock 1430
USA	Delaware	Sussex Co.	13 Jun 1916	A. Chase 1431
USA	New York	Long Island Distr.	19 Jun 1916	A. Chase 1432
USA	Virginia	Caroline Co.	04 Jun 1977	T. Bradley 12384
USA	Maine	Washington Co.	13 Jul 2001	S. R. Hill 33938
USA	Maine	Washington Co.	13 Jul 2001	S. R. Hill 33941
USA	Delaware	Sussex Co.	18 Jun 1905	A. S. Hitchcock 1433
USA	Virginia	Shenandoah Co.	18 Sep 1931	L. Griscom 15112
USA	District of Columbia		12 Jun 1902	P. Dowell 1523
USA	Pennsylvania	Pike Co.	18 Jul 1901	P. Dowell 1184
USA	New Jersey	Cape May Co.	02 Jun 1920	O. H. Brown 1618
USA	Illinois	Williamson Co.	05 Jun 2002	S. R. Hill 34689
USA	Missouri	Lawrence Co.	30 May 1951	E. J. Palmer 51951
USA	New Jersey	Burlington Co.	05 Jul 1920	L. Griscom 9641
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	02 Jun 1983	D. D. Taylor 3914
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	22 May 1983	D. D. Taylor 3441
USA	Illinois	Tazewell Co.	21 May 1998	S. R. Hill 30302
USA	Kentucky	Calloway Co.	30 Apr 1990	L. E. McKinney 4170
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	09 Jun 1982	D. D. Taylor 1521
USA	New Jersey	Passaic Co.	18 Jun 1921	L. Griscom 10638
USA	Massachusetts	Berkshire Co.	30 Jun 1906	A. K. Harrison 2025
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	23 Jun 1959	R. J. Eaton s.n.
USA	Oklahoma	Johnston Co.	11 Jun 1975	R. J. Tyrl 1000
USA	Maine	Penobscot Co.	21 Jul 1959	G. R. Cooley 6873
Canada	Quebec Prov.	Deux-Montagnes Co.	04 Jul 1943	F. Marie-Victorin 7350
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.		C. W. Jenks s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	15 Jun 1958	R. J. Eaton s.n.
USA	Minnesota	Clearwater Co.	30 Jul 1941	A. M. Schultz 26
USA	New Hampshire	Coos Co.	07 Aug 1959	A. S. Pease 39520
USA	Maine	Washington Co.	08 Aug 1936	C. H. Knowlton s.n.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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