Avicennia germinans

Family:ACANTHACEAE
Species:Avicennia germinans (L.)L.
Common Name:BLACK MANGROVE
Plant Notes:Although often allied historically with Verbenaceae, molecular and morphological data support including Avicennia in the Acanthaceae (Schwarzbach & McDade 2002).
Status:Native, OBL (DEP), OBL (NWPL)
Specimen: View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order LAMIALES
FamilyACANTHACEAE
Genus Avicennia
Species Avicennia germinans (L.)L. - BLACK MANGROVE

Citation

Citation AVICENNIA GERMINANS (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 3. 891. 1764.
Basionym: Bontia germinans Linnaeus 1759.
Type: JAMAICA: Without data, Browne s.n. (lectotype: LINN 813.2). Lectotypified by Stearn, Kew Bull. 1958: 34. 1958.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyHerbariaLiterature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard USF  
Broward FLAS  
Charlotte USF  
Citrus USF  
Collier USF  
Flagler FSU  
Franklin FLAS  
Hernando USF  
Hillsborough USF  
Indian River USF  
Lee USF  
Levy USF  
Manatee USF  
Martin USF  
Miami-Dade USF  
Monroe Keys USF  
Monroe Mainland USF  
Palm Beach USF  
Pasco USF  
Pinellas USF  
Sarasota USF  
St. Johns USF  
St. Lucie USF  
Taylor FLAS  
Volusia USF  

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Avicennia floridana Avicennia floridana Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 64. 1918, non Rafinesque 1832. TYPE: FLORIDA: Lee Co.: Fort Myers, Jul-Aug 1900, Hitchcock 270 (holotype: LY?; isotypes: BH, F, MO, NY, US).
Avicennia floridana Avicennia floridana Rafinesque, Atl. J. 148. 1832. TYPE: "In Fl. Louis. and Jamaica",
Avicennia nitida Avicennia nitida Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760. TYPE: Without data (lectotype: Jacquin, Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. t. 112(1). 1763). Lectotypified by R. A. Howard, Fl. Less. Antill., Dicot. 3: 212. 1989.
Avicennia oblongifolia Avicennia oblongifolia Nuttall ex Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 310. 1860. TYPE: FLORIDA: Monroe Co.: Key West,
Avicennia officinalis var. nitida Avicennia officinalis Linnaeus, var. nitida (Jacquin) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 502. 1891.BASIONYM: Avicennia nitida Jacquin 1760. 
Avicennia tomentosa Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 25. 1760, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Bontia germinans Linnaeus 1759. 
Bontia germinans Bontia germinans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 1122. 1759. TYPE: JAMAICA: Without data, Browne s.n. (lectotype: LINN 813.2). Lectotypified by Stearn, Kew Bull. 1958: 34. 1958.
Hilairanthus germinans Hilairanthus germinans (Linnaeus) Cornejo, Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(2): 233. 2020.BASIONYM: Bontia germinans Linnaeus 1759. 
Hilairanthus nitidus Hilairanthus nitidus (Jacquin) Tieghem, J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 357. 1898.BASIONYM: Avicennia nitida Jacquin 1760. 
Hilairanthus tomentosus Hilairanthus tomentosus Tieghem, J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 357. 1898, nom. illegit.BASIONYM: Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin 1760, nom. illegit.; Bontia germinans Linnaeus 1759. 
Avicennia africana Avicennia africana Palisot de Beauvois, Fl. Oware 1: 80, t. 47. 1809. TYPE: Without data, Palisot de Beauvois s.n. (lectotype: G; isolectotype: G). Lectotypified by Cornejo, Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(2): 233. 2020.
Avicennia elliptica Avicennia elliptica Thunberg, Pl. Bras. 3: 37. 1821. TYPE: BRAZIL: Without data, Freyreiss s.n. (holotype: UPS; isotype: S).
Avicennia elliptica var. martii Avicennia elliptica Thunberg, var. martii Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15. 1975. TYPE: BRAZIL: Pará: Near the mouth of the Amazon, Sep 1820, Martius s.n. (holotype: M).
Avicennia germinans forma aberrans Avicennia germinans (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, forma aberrans Moldenke, Phytologia 47: 222. 1980. TYPE: ST. VINCENT: Without locality, May-Jun 1889, Smith & Smith 546 (holotype: NY).
Avicennia germinans forma brasiliensis Avicennia germinans (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, forma brasiliensis Moldenke, Phytologia 47: 222. 1980. TYPE: BRAZIL: Ceara: 2 km e Of Soure, 9 Sep 1935, Drouet 2442 (holotype: NY).
Avicennia germinans forma venezuelensis Avicennia germinans (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, forma venezuelensis Moldenke, Phytologia 47: 222. 1980. TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Río San Juan near its confluence with Río Guarapiche, ca. 53 km NE of Maturin, 21 Oct 1965, Breteler 4677 (holotype: NY).
Avicennia germinans var. cumanensis Avicennia germinans (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, var. cumanensis (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15. 1975.BASIONYM: Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, var. cumanensis Kunth 1818. 
Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis Avicennia germinans (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, var. guayaquilensis (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 75. 1974.BASIONYM: Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, var. guayaquilensis Kunth 1818. 
Avicennia lamarckiana Avicennia lamarckiana C. Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 99. 1844.  
Avicennia meyeri Avicennia meyeri Miquel, Linnaea 18: 262. 1844.  
Avicennia officinalis var. lanceolata Avicennia officinalis Linnaeus, var. lanceolata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 502. 1891. TYPE: TRINIDAD: Without data, Apr 1874, Kuntze s.n. (holotype: NY).
Avicennia tomentosa var. campechensis Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, var. campechensis Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 284. 1818. TYPE: MEXICO: Campeche: Near Campeche, s.d., Bonpland s.n. (lectotype: P; isolectotype: P). Lectotypified by Cornejo, Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(2): 233. 2020.
Avicennia tomentosa var. cumanensis Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, var. cumanensis Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 283. 1818. TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Cumana,
Avicennia tomentosa var. guayaquilensis Avicennia tomentosa Jacquin, var. guayaquilensis Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 284. 1818. TYPE: ECUADOR: Guayas: Guayaquil, s.d., Bonpland s.n. (lectotype: P; isolectotypes: P(3 shts)). Lectotypified by Cornejo, Harvad Pap. Bot. 25(2): 233. 2020.
Avicennia tonduzii Avicennia tonduzii Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 273. 1938. TYPE: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Punta Mala, Mar 1892, Tonduz 6776 (holotype: BR; isotypes: BM, M, MICH, NY(ftagm), US).

Specimens

Country State County Date Specimen Notes Image
USA Florida Lee Co. 13 Jan 1979 B. F. Hansen 5022
USA Florida Levy Co. 31 Dec 1976 C. Keller 774
USA Florida Lee Co. 29 Jun 1999 S.W. Braem GI0093
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 10 Nov 1984 R. Lassiter 2205
USA Florida Pasco Co. 06 Jun 2002 C. vanHoek WB0049
USA Florida Brevard Co. 16 Jun 1972 A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA Florida Monroe Co. 15 Aug 1971 C. P. Sreemadhavan s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 10 Oct 1964 R. W. Long 1265
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 16 Jun 1982 A. N. Arcuri 1224
USA Florida Lee Co. 14 Apr 1954 G. R. Cooley 2671
USA Florida Volusia Co. 03 Aug 1962 J. D. Ray, Jr. 11137
USA Florida Citrus Co. 07 Nov 1964 R. W. Long 1309
USA Florida Manatee Co. 20 Jul 1992 D. Willis MB0033
USA Florida Pasco Co. 12 Aug 1960 J. D. Ray, Jr. 9980
USA Florida Brevard Co. 16 Jun 1972 A.G. Shuey M0151
USA Florida Sarasota Co. 24 Jun 1994 S. Cole OS0219
USA Florida Charlotte Co. 07 Jun 1991 S. Erikson PB0049
USA Florida Brevard Co. 06 Jul 1961 O. K. Lakela 24362
USA Florida Monroe Co. 11-20 Apr 1963 W. L. Stern 3020
USA Florida Lee Co. 27 Oct 1978 R. P. Wunderlin 6058
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 06 Jun 1976 R. W. Long s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 03 Oct 1979 G. Fleming 3234
USA Florida Levy Co. 01 Aug 1958 E. West s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 21 Feb 1986 D. W. Crewz 3008
USA Florida Hernando Co. 04 Jan 1973 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 15 May 2002 C. vanHoek CI0086
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 06 Sep 1963 R. F. Thorne 33866
USA Florida Collier Co. 21 Nov 1966 O. K. Lakela 30329
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 20 Oct 1977 C. S. Lewis 69
USA Florida Hernando Co. 28 Oct 1976 K. Zeiler 55
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 16 Aug 1977 C. S. Lewis 1
USA Florida Monroe Co. 16 Sep 1979 B. F. Hansen 6358
USA Florida Monroe Co. 14 Sep 1979 B. F. Hansen 6290
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 13 Oct 1981 K. R. DeLaney s.n.
USA Florida Lee Co. 16 Mar 1979 B. F. Hansen 5171
USA Florida St. Johns Co. 28 Sep 1983 B. F. Hansen 9825
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 27 Jun 1959 V. Ducey 73
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 16 Nov 1974 D. P. Cole 51
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 19 May 1961 J. D. Ray, Jr. 10973
USA Florida Monroe Co. 07 May 1965 O. K. Lakela 28572
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 28 Sep 1976 P. Genelle 2432
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 10 Sep 1961 O. K. Lakela 24616
USA Florida Monroe Co. 20 Feb 1965 C. M. Aregood 107
USA Florida Monroe Co. 07 May 1965 O. K. Lakela 28588
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 02 Nov 1963 O. K. Lakela 26660
USA Florida Monroe Co. 27 Aug 1968 O. K. Lakela 31610
USA Florida Pasco Co. 04 Jan 1970 P. Genelle 1
USA Florida Sarasota Co. 23 Jan 1976 R. Gordon 24
USA Florida Levy Co. 16 Sep 1959 G. R. Cooley 6995
USA Florida Lee Co. 03 Jun 1981 B. F. Hansen 8355
USA Florida Martin and Palm Beach Co's 27-29 Jul 1956 G. R. Cooley 4864
USA Florida Monroe Co. 13 Oct 1962 G. R. Cooley 9279
USA Florida Monroe Co. 28 Jun 1964 W. R. Stimson 649
USA Florida Monroe Co. 22 Oct 1965 O. K. Lakela 29315A
USA Florida Monroe Co. s.d. unknown 3
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 01 Jul 1970 P. Genelle 265
USA Florida Collier Co. 21 May 1966 O. K. Lakela 29824
USA Florida Monroe Co. 03 May 1981 R. P. Sauleda 4942
USA Florida Indian River Co. 05 Dec 1980 G. Robinson 42
USA Florida Volusia Co. 20 May 1981 B. F. Hansen 8252
USA Florida St. Lucie Co. 18 Dec 1996 G. M. Silberhorn s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 13 Aug 2002 A. Bishop AK0002
USA Florida Charlotte Co. 14 May 1999 S.W. Braem DP0077
USA Florida Collier Co. 26 Aug 1998 R. A. Hattaway CS0380
USA Florida Manatee Co. 07 Jun 1998 J. Beckner 2778
USA Florida Lee Co. 18 Oct 2007 S.W. Braem EB0019
USA Florida Sarasota Co. 23 Apr 1997 M. E. Nolan 62
USA Florida Brevard Co. 17 May 2002 J. S. Ritter 3
USA Florida Monroe Co. 03 May 1958 G. R. Cooley 6226
USA Florida Volusia Co. 09 Oct 1966 R. W. Long 2280
USA Florida Levy Co. 28 Aug 1982 J. D. Skean, Jr. 832
USA Florida Monroe Co. 08 May 1965 O. K. Lakela 28579A
USA Florida Hernando Co. 13 May 1971 P. Genelle 754
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. May 1971 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Manatee Co. 08 Jun 1975 P. Genelle 2085
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 07 Jun 1976 S. Mortellaro s.n.
USA Florida Collier Co. 02 Jun 1981 B. F. Hansen 8314
USA Louisiana Jefferson Par. 20 Jul 1974 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Texas Cameron Co. 21 Jun 1985 D. J. Rogers 19
USA Texas Cameron Co. 21 Jun 1985 F. Banda 81
USA Texas Aransas Co. 24 Jul 1987 S. R. Hill 18296
Cayman Islands Grand Cayman Island 20 Aug 1971 N. Chevalier 142
Jamaica Surrey Co. St. Andrew Par. 19 Jul 1963 M. R. Crosby 803
Cuba Isle of Pines 16 May 1910 O. E. Jennings 115
Puerto Rico Humacao Mun. 27 Dec 1967 G. P. Dewolf 1908
Puerto Rico Cabo Rojo Mun. 12 Nov 1993 M. Nee 44192
Dominica St. Andrew Par. 14 Dec 1993 S. R. Hill 25473
Dominica St. Patrick Par. 12 Dec 1993 S. R. Hill 25390
Bahamas Long Island 03 Jul 1998 E. Freid 98-169
Jamaica Cornwall Co. St. James Par. 14 Aug 1963 M. R. Crosby 1192
Bahamas Great Abaco Island 28 Jun 1980 R. P. Sauleda 3668
Bahamas San Salvador Island 06 Jun 1978 C. Keller 852
Nicaragua Zelaya Dept. 14 Nov 1973 S. A. Marshall 6507
Costa Rica Guanacaste Prov. 21 Mar 1985 L. D. Gomez 23341
Nicaragua Leon Dept. 01 Jul 1982 R. R. Haynes 8617
Ecuador Guayas Prov. 21 Jan 1983 C. H. Dodson 13606
Suriname 28 Nov 1955 A. M. E. Verhoef 39
Mexico Baja California Sur 25 Dec 1960 I. L. Wiggins 16174
Guyana Demerara-Mahaica 12 Aug 1995 S. R. Hill 27091
Ecuador Galápagos 24 Sep 1966 R. D. Suttkus 66-43-3
Ecuador Galápagos 23 Sep 1966 R. D. Suttkus 66-42-3
Panama Panamá Prov. 11 May 1966 E. L. Tyson 3957
Ecuador Esmeraldas Prov. 31 Jul 1980 B. F. Hansen 7932
Belize Corozal Distr. 18 Mar 1987 G. Davidse 32658
Mexico Baja California Sur 12 Jun 1976 C. Keller 720
Costa Rica Guanacaste Prov. 23 Dec 1982 F. E. Putz 1
Ecuador Galápagos 20 Sep 1966 R. D. Suttkus 66-38-5
Mexico Yucatán 30 Jun 1961 F. R. Fosberg 41866
USA Florida Lee Co. 19 Sep 2002 A. Bishop LK0006
USA Florida St. Johns Co. 15 Jun 2007 J. M. Kunzer 2146
USA Florida Charlotte Co. 05 Apr 2010 A. R. Franck 1866
USA Florida Volusia Co. 13 Jan 2006 J. M. Kunzer 1302
USA Florida Brevard Co. 17 Nov 2010 P. A. Schmalzer 10-89
USA Florida Martin Co. Apr 1989 R. O. Woodbury s.n.
USA Florida Levy Co. 20 Sep 2003 T. S. Sprenkle 100
USA Florida Monroe Co. 23 Aug 2012 M. T. Strong 4126
USA Florida St. Johns Co. 27 Mar 2013 A. Williams s.n.
USA Florida Lee Co. 10 Jun 2003 A. Bishop CC0050
USA Florida Monroe Co. 14 Nov 1964 O. K. Lakela 27932
USA Florida Monroe Co. 04 Jun 1967 R. W. Long 2678
USA Florida Levy Co. 25 Jan 1955 R. K. Godfrey 52828
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 14 Apr 1991 S. Imhof 84 From Eckerd College Herbarium.
USA Florida Monroe Co. 19 Jan 1991 S. Imhof 20 From Eckerd College Herbarium.
USA Florida Indian River Co. 20 Apr 2014 S. Myers 1281
USA Florida Brevard Co. 12 Jul 1930 M. Mulvania s.n.
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 20 Feb 1964 A. Grant 8
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 20 Feb 1964 F. Rich s.n.
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. Feb 1964 (UM) Ford 14
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 24 Feb 1966 M. E. Seidel 2
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 20 Feb 1964 M. H. Weinfeld 4
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 20 Feb 1964 H. W. Severance 41
USA Florida Brevard Co. 03 Jul 2015 S. Myers 1750
USA Florida Miami-Dade Co. 1966 J. C. Gaitan 5
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 10 Aug 2016 J. R. Campbell 332
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 07 May 1965 M. L. Gilbert 6485
USA Florida Levy Co. 19 Oct 2012 W. S. Judd 8369
USA Florida St. Lucie Co. 24 Dec 2015 S. Myers 1798
USA Florida Hillsborough Co. 02 Jul 2019 S. Dickman 1457
USA Florida Palm Beach Co. 21 Jun 2022 W. Wilkenson s.n.
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