Celtis occidentalis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	CANNABACEAE
Species:	Celtis occidentalis L.
Common Name:	HACKBERRY
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ROSALES
Family	CANNABACEAE
Genus	Celtis
Species	Celtis occidentalis L. - HACKBERRY

Citation

Citation	CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 1209.4). Lectotypified by Fernald & B. G. Schubert, Rhodora 50: 158, pl. 1097. 1948.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Baker	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FLAS
Holmes	FLAS
Jackson	USF
Jefferson	FLAS
Lafayette	FSU
Leon	FLAS
Liberty	FLAS
Madison	FSU
Okaloosa	USF
Santa Rosa	FLAS
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FSU
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	FLAS
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Celtis crassifolia	Celtis crassifolia Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 138. 1797.
Celtis georgiana	Celtis georgiana Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 439. 1897.		TYPE: GEORGIA: Gwinnette Co.: Near McGuires Mill, 1893, Small s.n. (holotype: NY).
Celtis mississippiensis var. pumila	Celtis mississippiensis Bosc ex Spach, var. pumila (Pursh) Mackenzie & Bush, Man. Fl. Jackson County 72. 1902.	BASIONYM: Celtis pumila Pursh 1814.
Celtis obliqua	Celtis obliqua Moench, Methodus 344. 1794, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus 1753.
Celtis occidentalis forma pumila	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, forma pumila (Pursh) Seymour, Fl. New England 228. 1969; Fl. New England, ed. 2. 228. 1982.	BASIONYM: Celtis pumila Pursh 1814.
Celtis occidentalis subsp. georgiana	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, subsp. georgiana (Small) E. Murray, Kalmia 12: 19. 1982.	BASIONYM: Celtis georgiana Small 1897.
Celtis occidentalis subsp. tenuifolia	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, subsp. tenuifolia (Nuttall) E. Murray, Kalmia 12: 19. 1982.	BASIONYM: Celtis tenuifolia Nuttall 1818.
Celtis occidentalis var. crassifolia	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, var. crassifolia (Lamarck) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2. 397. 1856.	BASIONYM: Celtis crassifolia Lamarck 1797.
Celtis occidentalis var. georgiana	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, var. georgiana (Small) Ahles, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 172. 1964.	BASIONYM: Celtis georgiana Small 1897.
Celtis occidentalis var. integrifolia	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, var. integrifolia Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 202. 1818.
Celtis occidentalis var. pumila	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, var. pumila (Pursh) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2. 397. 1856.	BASIONYM: Celtis pumila Pursh 1814.
Celtis pumila	Celtis pumila Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 200. 1814.
Celtis pumila var. georgiana	Celtis pumila Pursh, var. georgiana (Small) Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 67: 227. 1919.	BASIONYM: Celtis georgiana Small 1897.
Celtis tenuifolia	Celtis tenuifolia Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 202. 1818.
Celtis tenuifolia var. georgiana	Celtis tenuifolia Nuttall, var. georgiana (Small) Fernald & B. G. Schubert, Rhodora 50: 160. 1948.	BASIONYM: Celtis georgiana Small 1897.
Celtis canina	Celtis canina Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 43. 1817.		TYPE: NEW YORK:
Celtis occidentalis forma canina	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, forma canina (Rafinesque) Seymour, Fl. New England 228. 1969.	BASIONYM: Celtis canina Rafinesque 1817.
Celtis occidentalis var. canina	Celtis occidentalis Linnaeus, var. canina (Rafinesque) Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 67: 217. 1919.	BASIONYM: Celtis canina Rafinesque 1817.
Celtis pumila var. deamii	Celtis pumila Pursh, var. deamii Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 67: 228. 1919.		TYPE: INDIANA: Harrison Co.: 3 mi. S of New Middleton, 12 Sep 1915, Deam 18727 (holotype: ?).
Celtis tenuifolia var. soperi	Celtis tenuifolia Nuttall, var. soperi B. Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 623. 1967.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	05 Jul 1979	B. F. Hansen 5920
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	1949	B & S 126
USA	Florida	Baker Co.	05 Jun 2014	C. Slaughter 18268
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	31 May 1970	R. D. Thomas 18861
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	10 Aug 1967	R. D. Thomas 4193
USA	Alabama	Houston Co.	25 Jul 1969	R. Kral 35748
USA	Mississippi	Alcorn Co.	06 Jun 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 5152
USA	North Carolina	Madison Co.	11 Aug 1957	Gupton & Stewart s.n.
USA	Mississippi	Lauderdale Co.	11 Jun 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 5272
USA	Tennessee	Cumberland Co.	03 Oct 1968	K. E. Rogers 42416
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	15 Aug 1977	P. Genelle 3073
USA	Louisiana	Caddo Par.	01 Jun 1984	R. D. Thomas 89021
USA	Georgia	Screven Co.	14 Apr 1996	S. R. Hill 27707
USA	Georgia	Elbert Co.	30 Apr 1977	N. C. Coile 647
USA	Arkansas	Stone Co.	23 Jul 1969	R. D. Thomas 15456
USA	Mississippi	Jasper Co.	08 Sep 1967	S. B. Jones 15208
USA	South Carolina	McCormick Co.	16 Apr 1967	J. R. Bozeman 8844
USA	Alabama	Calhoun Co.	24 Apr 1969	R. Kral 34450
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	07 Jun 1967	J. W. Thieret 26588
USA	Mississippi	Tishomingo Co.	15 Jun 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6368
USA	Mississippi	Lauderdale Co.	19 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7073
USA	Mississippi	Forrest Co.	11 Aug 1955	J. D. Ray, Jr. 5777
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	18 Jul 1967	R. D. Thomas 3641
USA	Mississippi	Monroe Co.	12 Jun 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6266
USA	North Carolina	Madison Co.	01 Jul 1965	M. G. Ford 372
USA	Ohio	Butler Co.	12 Aug 1958	T. J. Cobbe s.n.
USA	West Virginia	Hardy Co.	11 Sep 1957	G. B. Rossbach 1117
USA	Ohio	Erie Co.	12 Jul 1910	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Virginia	Rockbridge Co.	22 Jun 1982	T. F. Wieboldt 4345
USA	Virginia	Shenandoah Co.	05 Sep 1982	T. F. Wieboldt 4531
USA	Virginia	Montgomery Co.	08 Aug 1994	T. Bradley 26207
USA	Missouri	Webb Co.	1908	E. J. Palmer s.n.
USA	Iowa	Poweshiek Co.	1886	A. W. Harris s.n.
USA	Pennsylvania	Bedford Co.	11 Aug 1979	D. E. Boufford 21308
USA	Kentucky	Campbell Co.	28 Apr 1983	G. F. Buddell, II 890
USA	Maryland	Calvert Co.	25 May 1986	S. R. Hill 16766
USA	Illinois	Kendall Co.	16 Jun 2005	S. R. Hill 36353
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	05 Sep 2004	P. D. Sorensen 406
USA	Wisconsin	Columbia Co.	07 Jun 1997	N. A. Harriman 19926
USA	Pennsylvania	Berks Co.	01 Sep 1962	G. B. Rossbach 4063

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.