Crataegus viridis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ROSACEAE
Species:	Crataegus viridis L.
Common Name:	GREEN HAWTHORN
Status:	Native, FACW (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ROSALES
Family	ROSACEAE
Genus	Crataegus
Species	Crataegus viridis L. - GREEN HAWTHORN

Citation

Citation	CRATAEGUS VIRIDIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 476. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	TYPE: VIRGINIA: Without data, Clayton 526 (lectotype: BM). Lectoytpified by Eggleston, Rhodora 10: 83. 1908.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Calhoun	USF
Clay	USF
Dixie	USF
Escambia	FLAS
Flagler	FTG
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FSU
Gilchrist	USF
Gulf	FTG
Holmes	USF
Jackson	FSU
Jefferson	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	FSU
Liberty	FLAS
Marion	USF
Okaloosa	USF
St. Johns	USF
Suwannee	USF
Taylor	USF
Volusia	NY
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	USF
Washington	NY

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Crataegus arborescens	Crataegus arborescens Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 550. 1821.		TYPE: GEORGIA: Fort Argyle on the Ogeechee River,
Crataegus coccinea var. viridis	Crataegus coccinea Linnaeus, var. viridis (Linnaeus) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 465. 1840.	BASIONYM: Crataegus viridis Linnaeus 1753.
Crataegus lanceolata	Crataegus lanceolata Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 65, pl. 130. 1908.		TYPE: MISSOURI: St. Louis Co.: Bottomlands of the Desperes River at Carondelet, South St. Louis, 6 May 1902, Kellogg 4 (lectotype: A). Lectotypified by J. B. Phipps et al., Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 187. 2007.
Crataegus newelliana	Crataegus newelliana Murrill, Castanea 7: 24. 1942.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Levy Co.: Vicinity of Gulf Hammock, 7 Apr 1940, Murrill 34609 (holotype: FLAS).
Crataegus paludosa	Crataegus paludosa Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 1: 15, pl. 8. 1902.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Volusia Co.: Haw Creek, 1 Aug 1900 & Mar & Sep 1901, Curtiss 6678 (holotype: A?).
Crataegus subpaludosa	Crataegus subpaludosa Murrill, Castanea 7: 28. 1942.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Suwannee Co.: Margin of a small limesink near Hildreth, 10 Jul 1940, Murrill 34892 (holotype: FLAS).
Crataegus subviridis	Crataegus subviridis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 51. 1902.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Gadsden Co.: Near Chattahoochee,
Crataegus viridis var. lanceolata	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. lanceolata (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 561. 1935.	BASIONYM: Crataegus lanceolata Sargent 1908.
Mespilus coccinea var. viridis	Mespilus coccinea (Linnaeus) Marshall, var. viridis (Linnaeus) Castiglioni, Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 293. 1790.	BASIONYM: Crataegus viridis Linnaeus 1753.
Mespilus viridis	Mespilus viridis (Linnaeus) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 134. 1826.	BASIONYM: Crataegus viridis Linnaeus 1753.
Phaenopyrum viride	Phaenopyrum viride (Linnaeus) M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 156. 1847.	BASIONYM: Crataegus viridis Linnaeus 1753.
Crataegus abbreviata	Crataegus abbreviata Sargent, J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 187. 1923.		TYPE: TEXAS: Brazos Co.: On the Brazos River, near Brazoria, 5 Oct 1914, Palmer 6734 (holotype: A?).
Crataegus amicalis	Crataegus amicalis Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 238. 1913.		TYPE: ARKANSAS: Hempstead Co.: Near Fulton, 24 Apr 1902, Bush 1420 (holotype: A?).
Crataegus atrorubens	Crataegus atrorubens Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 78. 1900.		TYPE: MISSOURI: St. Louis Co.: Without locality, 1886, Eggert s.n. [fruiting portion] (lectotype: A). Lectotypified by J. B. Phipps et al., Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 183. 2007.
Crataegus blanda	Crataegus blanda Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 33: 121. 1902.		TYPE: ARKANSAS: Hempstead Co.: Near Fulton,
Crataegus enucleata	Crataegus enucleata Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 239. 1913.		TYPE: ARKANSAS: Hempstead Co.: Near Fulton, 18 Apr 1901, Bush & Sargent 14 (holotype: A?).
Crataegus glabriuscula	Crataegus glabriuscula Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31: 235. 1901.		TYPE: TEXAS: Dallas Co.: Bottomlands of the Trinity River, Dallas, 15 Apr 1900, Bush 493 (lectotype: A; isolectotype: A). Lectotypified by J. B. Phipps, Novon 16: 3886. 2006.
Crataegus interior	Crataegus interior Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 52. 1902.		TYPE: TENNESSEE: Hamilton Co.: Near Chattanooga,
Crataegus lutensis	Crataegus lutensis Sargent, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 75. 1912.		TYPE: MISSOURI: Newton Co.: Shoal Creek, Reading's Mill, 8 May 1909, Palmer 37 (lectotype: A; isolectotypes: A, MO). Lectotypified by J. B. Phipps, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 188. 2007.
Crataegus micrantha	Crataegus micrantha Sargent, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 57: 658. 1905.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA: Bucks Co.: Near Sellersville, May & Sep 1903, Fretz 183 (holotype: A?).
Crataegus ovata	Crataegus ovata Sargent, Man. Trees 402, f. 321. 1905.		TYPE: MISSOURI: St. Louis Co.: Desperes River, St. Louis, 21 Oct 1901, Kellogg s.n. (lectotype: A; isolectotype: MO). Lectotypified by J. P. Phipps et al., Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 190. 2007.
Crataegus velutina	Crataegus velutina Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 238. 1913.		TYPE: ARKANSAS: Hempstead Co.: Near Fulton, 8 Nov 1905, Bush 10C (holotype: A?).
Crataegus viridis var. atrorubens	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. atrorubens (Ashe) E. J. Palmer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 561. 1935.	BASIONYM: Crataegus atrorubens Ashe 1900.
Crataegus viridis var. glabriuscula	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. glabriuscula (Sargent) J. B. Phipps, Novon 16: 386. 2006.	BASIONYM: Crataegus glabriuscula Sargent 1901.
Crataegus viridis var. lutensis	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. lutensis (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 561. 1935.	BASIONYM: Crataegus lutensis Sargent 1912.
Crataegus viridis var. ovata	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. ovata (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 561. 1935.	BASIONYM: Crataegus ovata Sargent 1905.
Crataegus viridis var. velutina	Crataegus viridis Linnaeus, var. velutina (Sargent) J. B. Phipps, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1009. 2007.	BASIONYM: Crataegus velutina Sargent 1913.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	27 Mar 2006	C. Slaughter 14750
USA	Florida	Dixie Co.	03 Mar 2013	W. D. Longbottom 18744
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	09 May 1975	D. L. Martin 549
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	Nov 1927	J. K. Small s.n.
USA	Florida	Gilchrist Co.	25 Oct 1985	B. F. Hansen 10827
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	06 Mar 1955	R. K. Godfrey 52929
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	16 Mar 2013	T. MacClendon 1241
USA	Florida	Suwannee Co.	08 Aug 1992	B. J. Herring 896
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	19 Mar 2007	T. MacClendon 574
USA	Florida	Taylor Co.	03 Mar 2013	W. D. Longbottom 18731
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	31 May 1982	G. Wilhelm 10152
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	24 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9736
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	25 Mar 1956	R. K. Godfrey 54550
USA	Florida	Dixie Co.	27 Sep 2014	A. R. Franck 3556
USA	Mississippi	Tishomingo Co.	08 Aug 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7474
USA	South Carolina	Richland Co.	05 Apr 1968	S. W. Leonard 1225
USA	Louisiana	Bossier Par.	15 May 1977	C. M. Allen 8056
USA	Louisiana	Lafayette Par.	30 Jul 1964	J. W. Thieret 18036
USA	Louisiana	Acadia Par.	17 Jun 1964	J. W. Thieret 17575
USA	Louisiana	Claiborne Par.	21 Sep 1971	R. Roadifer 125	"Green Hawthorn."
USA	Alabama	Montgomery Co.	10 Jun 2007	A. R. Diamond 17397	Common.
USA	Alabama	Bullock Co.	03 Jul 2011	A. R. Diamond 22313	Common.
USA	Arkansas	Ashley Co.	21 Apr 1955	G. R. Cooley 3658
USA	Alabama	Montgomery Co.	26 Mar 2016	A. R. Diamond 27267
USA	Louisiana	Catahoula Par.	20 Apr 1998	S. R. Hill 29997
USA	Louisiana	Claiborne Par.	08 Oct 1974	B. Corbin 74	"Hawthorne."
USA	Mississippi	Newton Co.	12 Jun 1957	G. R. Cooley 5341
USA	North Carolina	Gates Co.	16 Oct 1958	H. E. Ahles 51585
USA	Louisiana	Tensas Par.	20 Apr 1957	J. A. Ewan 19044
USA	Louisiana	St. Landry Par.	21 Apr 1957	J. A. Ewan 19089
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	16 Jun 1951	Elbert Luther Little, Jr. 14330	"Green Hawthorn."
USA	Mississippi	Humphreys Co.	03 May 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 8166
USA	Louisiana	La Salle Par.	20 Jun 1964	J. W. Thieret 17761
USA	Louisiana	Morehouse Par.	25 Jul 1983	D. D. Taylor 4364a
USA	North Carolina	Martin Co.	21 Jun 1965	M. G. Ford 204
USA	Texas	Navarro Co.	17 May 1945	R. McVaugh 6911
USA	Texas	Chambers Co.	15 May 1945	R. McVaugh 6883
USA	Illinois	Saline Co.	05 May 2009	S. R. Hill 38019
USA	Texas	Montgomery Co.	16 May 1945	R. McVaugh 6894
USA	Missouri		13 Apr 1910	Rev. J. Davis 269
USA	Illinois	Alexander Co.	12 Aug 1999	S. R. Hill 31928
USA	Illinois	Alexander Co.	22 Jun 1999	S. R. Hill 31775
USA	Texas	Brown Co.	18 Oct 1967	J. W. Stanford 1530

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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