Echites umbellatus

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	APOCYNACEAE
Species:	Echites umbellatus Jacq.
Common Name:	DEVIL'S POTATO; RUBBERVINE
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	GENTIANALES
Family	APOCYNACEAE
Genus	Echites
Species	Echites umbellatus Jacq. - DEVIL'S POTATO; RUBBERVINE

Citation

Citation	ECHITES UMBELLATA Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 13. 1760.
Basionym:	**
Type:	Without data (holotype: Plumier, Pl. Amer. pl. 216(2). 1759).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	FLAS
Indian River	USF
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FLAS
Palm Beach	USF
St. Lucie	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Echites echites	Echites echites (Linnaeus) Britton, in Small, Fl. Miami 147. 1913, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Tabernaemontana echites Linnaeus 1759.
Echites ovatus	Echites ovatus Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 192. 1878.	BASIONYM: Tabernaemontana echites Linnaeus 1759.
Tabernaemontana echites	Tabernaemontana echites Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 945. 1759.		TYPE: JAMAICA: Without data, (holotype: Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: pl. 131(2). 1707).
Apocynum obliquum	Apocynum obliquum Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Echites crassipes	Echites crassipes A. Richard, in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 91. 1850.
Echites litoreus	Echites litoreus Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 212. 1819.		TYPE: CUBA: Prope Guanavacoa, Mar, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P?).
Echites longiflorus	Echites longiflorus (Grisebach) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 194. 1878.	BASIONYM: Echites umbellatus Jacquin, var. longiflorus Grisebach 1866.
Echites obliquus	Echites obliquus (Miller) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 193. 1878.	BASIONYM: Apocynum obliquum Miller 1768.
Echites umbellatus var. crassipes	Echites umbellatus Jacquin, var. crassipes (A. Richard) M. Gómez de la Maza y Jiménez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 274. 1894.	BASIONYM: Echites crassipes A. Richard 1850.
Echites umbellatus var. longiflorus	Echites umbellatus Jacquin, var. longiflorus Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 172. 1866.		TYPE: CUBA: Without locality, Wright 1661 (holotype: GOET?).
Rhodocalyx crassipes	Rhodocalyx crassipes (A. Richard) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 140. 1878.	BASIONYM: Echites crassipes A. Richard 1850.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	Jul 1961	F. C. Craighead s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	10 Sep 1966	O. K. Lakela 30207
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	16 Oct 1962	O. K. Lakela s.n.
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	04 Jun 1967	R. W. Long 2697
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	11 Oct 1962	G. R. Cooley 9185
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	12 Aug 1992	S. L. Orzell 20427
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	07 Aug 1966	R. W. Long 2186
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	30 Sep 1962	O. K. Lakela 25428
USA	Florida	Martin and Palm Beach Co's	30 Sep 1962	O. K. Lakela 25420
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	13 Oct 1962	G. R. Cooley 9267
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	17 Jun 1980	R. P. Sauleda 3608
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	05 Dec 1980	G. Robinson 33
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	15 Sep 1979	B. F. Hansen 6327
USA	Florida	St. Lucie Co.	29 May 1980	B. F. Hansen 7140
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	10 Oct 2002	S. M. Kennedy 582
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	24 Jul 2002	S. W. Woodmansee 759
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	30 Nov 1958	F. C. Craighead s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	07 Jul 1966	R. W. Long 1948
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	22 Jun 1972	R. W. Long 3590
USA	Florida	Palm Beach Co.	29 Jun 1967	P. M. Cassen 92
USA	Florida	Martin and Palm Beach Co's	27-29 Jul 1956	G. R. Cooley 4861
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	25 Jun 1966	R. W. Long 1753
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	31 Dec 1964	O. K. Lakela 28041
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	30 Sep 1965	O. K. Lakela 29171
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	11 Nov 1985	L. P. Southerland s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	09 Aug 1961	R. R. Smith 682
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	26 Jul 1975	J. E. Poppleton s.n.
USA	Florida	Indian River Co.	22 Jun 1972	R. W. Long 3753
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	01 Jul 1965	O. K. Lakela 28757
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	19 Oct 1986	L. P. Southerland 0101
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	25 Jul 1973	J. Bruce 73097
Jamaica	Cornwall Co.	St. Elizabeth Par.	Jan 1847	J. Wolle s.n.
Dominican Republic	Peravia Prov.	Constanza Mun.	14 Jul 1981	J. Watson 736
Dominican Republic	La Romana Prov.	La Romana Mun.	19 Aug 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7424
Bahamas	New Providence Island		05 Sep 1983	R. P. Sauleda 8384
Dominican Republic	San Pedro de Macorís Prov.	Guayacanes Mun.	03 Oct 1970	A. H. Liogier 17522
Dominican Republic	La Romana Prov.	Villa Hermosa Mun.	11 Jun 1981	M. Mejía 14759
Bahamas	Cat Island	Cat Island Distr.	11 Jul 1983	R. P. Sauleda 8312
Bahamas	Abaco Island	Central Abaco Distr.	27 Jun 1980	R. P. Sauleda 3640
Jamaica	Cornwall Co.	St. Elizabeth Par.	1847	J. Wolle s.n.
Bahamas	New Providence Island		14 Jun 1965	R. W. Long 1427
Bahamas	Abaco Island		20 Aug 1964	F. C. Craighead s.n.
Bahamas	New Providence Island		14 Jun 1965	R. W. Long 1327
Bahamas	Eleuthera Island	North Eleuthera Distr.	09 Jul 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5681
Puerto Rico		Sabana Grande Mun.	20 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 9258
Dominican Republic	Elías Piña Prov.	San Francisco de Bánica Mun.	25 Aug 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7570
Haiti	Nord Dept.		27 Aug 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7616
Bahamas	Great Abaco Island	Central Abaco Distr.	16 Dec 1979	R. P. Wunderlin 8534
Bahamas	Abaco Island	Central Abaco Distr.	17 Dec 1979	R. P. Wunderlin 8588
Bahamas	Berry Islands	Berry Islands Distr.	12 May 1979	R. P. Sauleda 2481
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	St. Andrew Par.	23 Sep 1971	R. W. Long 3386
Dominican Republic	Puerto Plata Prov.	San Felipe de Puerto Plata Mun.	25 Apr 1970	D. Burch 2396
Bahamas	New Providence Island		07 Jul 1969	W. T. Gillis 8344
Bahamas	San Salvador Island	San Salvador Distr.	03 Jun 1978	S. Keller 804
Cayman Islands	Grand Cayman Island	George Town Distr.	17 Aug 1971	N. Chevalier 96
Belize	Corozal Distr.		18 Mar 1987	G. Davidse 32670

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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