Phlox glaberrima

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POLEMONIACEAE
Species:	Phlox glaberrima L.
Common Name:	SMOOTH PHLOX
Status:	Native, FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ERICALES
Family	POLEMONIACEAE
Genus	Phlox
Species	Phlox glaberrima L. - SMOOTH PHLOX

Citation

Citation	PHLOX GLABERRIMA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 152. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	VIRGINIA: Without data (lectotype: LINN 217.8). Lectotypified by Reveal, Phytologia 71: 477. 1991.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Bay	FLAS
Escambia	FLAS
Gadsden	USF
Gulf	FSU
Jackson	FSU
Liberty	FLAS
Walton	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Armeria glaberrima	Armeria glaberrima (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 432. 1891.	BASIONYM: Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus 1753.
Phlox altissima	Phlox altissima Moench, Methodus 454. 1794, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus 1762.
Phlox carolina	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 216. 1762.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Cult. in Sweden, without data, Linnaeus s.n. (lectotype: LINN 217.7). Lectotypified by Wherry, Genus Phlox 104. 1955.
Phlox carolina subsp. angusta	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. angusta Wherry, Genus Phlox 108. 1955.	BASIONYM: Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, subvar. angustissima Brand 1907.
Phlox carolina subsp. heterophylla	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. heterophylla (Wherry) Wherry, Bartonia 23: 6. 1945.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. heterophylla Wherry 1932.
Phlox carolina subsp. typica	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. typica Wherry, Bartonia 23: 2. 1945, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus 1762.
Phlox carolina var. altissima	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. altissima Wherry, Bartonia 13: 36. 1932, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Phlox altissima Moench 1794, nom. illegit.; Phlox carolina Linnaeus 1762.
Phlox carolina var. angusta	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. angusta (Wherry) D. B. Ward, Phytologia 94: 477. 2012.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. angusta Wherry 1955; Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, subvar. angustissima Brand 1907.
Phlox carolina var. heterophylla	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. heterophylla Wherry, Bartonia 13: 36. 1932.
Phlox carolina var. nitida	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. nitida (Pursh) Bentham, in de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 304. 1845.	BASIONYM: Phlox nitida Pursh 1814.
Phlox glaberrima subvar. angustissima	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, subvar. angustissima Brand, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 27): 65. 1907.		TYPE: MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co.: Biloxi, s.d., Tracy 5077 (holotype: G).
Phlox glaberrima var. melampyrifolia	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, var. melampyrifolia Wherry, Bartonia 14: 19. 1932, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus 1753.
Phlox glaberrima var. suffruticosa	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, var. suffruticosa (Ventenat) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 130. 1878.	BASIONYM: Phlox suffruticosa Ventenat 1804.
Phlox maculata var. nitida	Phlox maculata Linnaeus, var. nitida (Pursh) Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 338. 1860.	BASIONYM: Phlox nitida Pursh 1814.
Phlox melampyrifolia	Phlox melampyrifolia Salisbury,, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 123. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus 1753.
Phlox nitida	Phlox nitida Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 730. 1814.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data, Fraser s.n. (holotype: BM?).
Phlox ovata forma carolina	Phlox ovata Linnaeus, forma carolina (Linnaeus) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 679. 1894.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus 1762.
Phlox ovata var. carolina	Phlox ovata Linnaeus, var. carolina (Linnaeus) Wherry ex Schaffner, Ohio J. Sci. 31: 304. 1931.	BASIONYM: Phlox carolina Linnaeus 1762.
Phlox suffruticosa	Phlox suffruticosa Ventenat, Jard. Malmaison 2: pl. 107(2). 1804.
Phlox carolina subsp. alta	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. alta Wherry, Genus Phlox 107. 1955.		TYPE: NORTH CAROLINA: Gaston Co.: 4 mi. E of Tryon, 28 Jun 1954, Wherry s.n. (holotype: PH).
Phlox carolina subsp. altissima	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. altissima Wherry, Bartonia 23: 3. 1945.
Phlox carolina subsp. triflora	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. triflora (Michaux) Wherry, Bartonia 23: 5. 1945.	BASIONYM: Phlox triflora Michaux 1803.
Phlox carolina subsp. turritella	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, subsp. turritella Wherry, Bartonia 23: 7. 1945.		TYPE: ALABAMA: Autauga Co.: 5 mi. W of Autaugaville, 13 Jul 1932, Wherry s.n. (holotype: PH).
Phlox carolina var. triflora	Phlox carolina Linnaeus, var. triflora (Michaux) Wherry, Bartonia 13: 26. 1932.	BASIONYM: Phlox triflora Michaux 1803.
Phlox glaberrima subsp. interior	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, subsp. interior (Wherry) Wherry, Genus Phlox 111. 1955.	BASIONYM: Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, var. interior Wherry 1932.
Phlox glaberrima subsp. triflora	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, subsp. triflora (Michaux) Wherry, Genus Phlox 110. 1955.	BASIONYM: Phlox triflora Michaux 1803.
Phlox glaberrima var. interior	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, var. interior Wherry, Bartonia 14: 19, t. 2(2). 1932.		TYPE: INDIANA: Knox Co.: 2 mi. WNW of Wheatland, 5 Jun 1931, Wherry s.n. (holotype: PH).
Phlox glaberrima var. triflora	Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus, var. triflora (Michaux) Reveal & Broome, Castanea 46: 70. 1981.	BASIONYM: Phlox triflora Michaux 1803.
Phlox ovata var. elatior	Phlox ovata Linnaeus, var. elatior A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 249. 1870.
Phlox triflora	Phlox triflora Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 143. 1803.		TYPE: NORTH CAROLINA:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	17 Aug 1983	G. Wilhelm 11766
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	May 1928	J. K. Small s.n.
USA	South Carolina	Oconee Co.	25 Jun 1989	S. R. Hill 20708
USA	South Carolina	Abbeville Co.	02 Jun 1991	S. R. Hill 22327
USA	South Carolina	Pickens Co.	21 Jun 1987	S. R. Hill 18105
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	22 May 1983	D. D. Taylor 3476
USA	Kentucky	Madison Co.	22 May 1983	D. D. Taylor 3476
USA	Mississippi	Lamar Co.	21 Jun 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6444
USA	Mississippi	Wayne Co.	29 Jun 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 8411
USA	Georgia	Gwinnett Co.	17 Jul 1992	J. E. Seward 1431
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	11 Feb 1951	D. Demaree 33315
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	13 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6725
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	27 Jul 1952	J. D. Ray, Jr. 2798
USA	Georgia	Walker Co.	28 Jun 1982	N. C. Coile 2989
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	17 Aug 1955	J. D. Ray, Jr. 5697
USA	Mississippi	Clarke Co.	17 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 6964
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	03 Jun 1979	C. M. Allen 8823
USA	Mississippi	Hancock Co.	21 May 1992	S. L. Orzell 19543
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	23 Jul 1983	D. D. Taylor 4306
USA	North Carolina	Haywood Co.	12 Sep 1980	R. P. Sauleda 4455
USA	Georgia	Harris Co.	02 Jun 1971	S. B. Jones 20841
USA	South Carolina	Jasper Co.	12 May 1985	E. W. Wood 4768
USA	Georgia	Hall Co.	15 Jun 1955	W. H. Duncan 18848
USA	Alabama	Calhoun Co.	25 Apr 1969	R. Kral 34461
USA	South Carolina	Beaufort Co.	26 May 1978	J. Carlton s.n.
USA	South Carolina	Fairfield Co.	10 Jun 1977	D. W. Crewz 986
USA	South Carolina	Beaufort Co.	26 May 1978	J. Carlton s.n.
USA	North Carolina	Transylvania Co.	16 Jul 1958	O. M. Freeman 58236
USA	North Carolina	Avery Co.	17 Jun 1958	H. E. Ahles 43533
USA	North Carolina	Ashe Co.	07 Jul 1966	A. E. Radford 44894
USA	Illinois	Champaign Co.	27 Jun 1884	A. B. Seymour 5
USA	Illinois	Champaign Co.	30 Jun 1884	A. B. Seymour 2143
USA	Kentucky	Bath Co.	11 Jun 1938	M. E. Wharton 2585

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
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State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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