Lupinus perennis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	FABACEAE
Species:	Lupinus perennis L.
Common Name:	SUNDIAL LUPINE
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FABALES
Family	FABACEAE
Genus	Lupinus
Species	Lupinus perennis L. - SUNDIAL LUPINE

Citation

Citation	LUPINUS PERENNIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 721. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 898.1). Lectotypified by Reveal & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 58: 979. 2009.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Baker	PIHG
Bay	USF
Calhoun	USF
Clay	USF
Escambia	FLAS
Franklin	FSU
Hamilton	USF
Jackson	FLAS
Lafayette	USF
Leon	FLAS
Liberty	USF
Madison	FLAS
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Santa Rosa	USF
Suwannee	USF
Taylor	FLAS
Wakulla	USF
Walton	USF
Washington	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Lupinus gracilis	Lupinus gracilis Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 115. 1834, non Kunth 1824.		TYPE: GEORGIA:
Lupinus nuttallii	Lupinus nuttallii S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 526. 1873.	BASIONYM: Lupinus gracilis Nuttall 1834, non Kunth 1824.
Lupinus perennis subsp. gracilis	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, subsp. gracilis (Chapman) D. Dunn, Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 154. 1965.	BASIONYM: Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, var. gracilis Chapman 1860; Lupinus gracilis Nuttall 1834, non Kunth 1824.
Lupinus perennis var. gracilis	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, var. gracilis Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 89. 1860.	BASIONYM: Lupinus gracilis Nuttall 1834, non Kunth 1824.
Lupinus perennis forma albiracemus	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, forma albiracemus A. H. Moore, Rhodora 16: 129. 1914.		TYPE: CANADA: Ontario: West Toronto Junction, 3 Jun 1893, Brodie s.n. (holotype: US).
Lupinus perennis forma bicolor	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, forma bicolor Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 123. 1930.		TYPE: MICHIGAN: Oakland Co.: Ortonville, 23 May, Farwell 8192 (lectotype: BLH; isolectotype: MICH). Lectotypified by McVaugh et al., Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 34: 49. 1953.
Lupinus perennis forma leucanthus	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, forma leucanthus Fernald, Rhodora 45: 350. 1943.		TYPE: CONNECTICUT: Litchfield Co.: New Milford, 9 Jun 1932, Eames 11401 (holotype: GH).
Lupinus perennis forma roseus	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, forma roseus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 124.1890.		TYPE: NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co.: Mary's Landing, s.d., Peters s.n. (holotype: NY?).
Lupinus perennis var. austrinus	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, var. austrinus Shinners, Field & Lab. 21: 152. 1953.		TYPE: TEXAS: Orange Co.: Orange, 25 Apr 1931, Curtis School 21 (holotype: TEX).
Lupinus perennis var. occidentalis	Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, var. occidentalis S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 526. 1873.		TYPE: MICHIGAN/WISCONSIN:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	01 May 1982	R. P. Wunderlin 9365
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	02 May 1982	R. P. Wunderlin 9376
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	24 Apr 1981	D. S. Correll 51634
USA	Florida	Bay Co.	01 May 1982	R. P. Wunderlin 9320
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	28 Mar 1982	D. S. Correll 53418
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	20 Apr 1958	R. Kral 6386
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	09 Mar 1957	R. K. Godfrey 55428
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	03 May 1981	J. Beckner 2504
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	20 Mar 1992	S. L. Orzell 19257
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	27 Mar 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7100
USA	Florida	Bay Co.	26 Mar 1960	R. K. Godfrey 59356
USA	Florida	Bay Co.	11 Apr 1966	J. Beckner 911
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	10 Mar 1955	R. K. Godfrey 52970
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	01 May 2000	C. Slaughter 11577
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	19 Mar 1982	G. Wilhelm 100006
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	24 Mar 1990	S. L. Orzell 13025
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	09 Jul 1992	S. L. Orzell 20104
USA	Florida	Suwannee Co.	23 Mar 1991	B. J. Herring 179
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	10 May 1981	R. P. Wunderlin 9085
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	10 May 1981	R. P. Wunderlin 9088
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	10 May 1981	R. P. Wunderlin 9087
USA	Florida	Lafayette Co.	22 Mar 1977	J. B. Nelson 774
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	12 Apr 1952	G. R. Cooley 1210
USA	Florida	Wakulla Co.	18 Apr 1984	M. Garland 238
USA	Florida	Lafayette Co.	02 Apr 1984	J. Beckner 2648
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	2 Apr 1968	C. Dziekanowski 1191
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	18 Apr 1988	S. R. Hill 19174
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	20 Mar 2008	T. MacClendon 757
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	21 Mar 2015	W. D. Longbottom 22392
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	21 Mar 2015	W. D. Longbottom 22411
USA	Florida	Bay Co.	22 Mar 2015	W. D. Longbottom 22435
USA	North Carolina	Bladen Co.	20 Apr 1957	H. E. Ahles 23663
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	18 Apr 1962	J. R. Bozeman 411
USA	North Carolina	Gates Co.	13 Apr 1975	H. J. Ecklund 146
USA	Georgia	Bulloch Co.	13 Apr 1996	S. R. Hill 27671
USA	North Carolina	Gates Co.	26 Apr 1984	L. J. Musselman 6305
USA	Rhode Island	Providence Co.	14 Jun 1961	R. J. Eaton s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Hampshire Co.	22 May 1880	S. M. Holman, Jr. s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	23 Jun 1885	M. Rodman s.n.
USA	New Hampshire	Rockingham Co.	30 May 1946	R. C. Bean s.n.
USA	Maine	Oxford Co.	02 Jul 1907	E. B. Chamberlain s.n.
USA	Maine	Oxford Co.	02 Jul 1907	R. C. Bean 2054
USA	Pennsylvania	Erie Co.	10 Jun 1905	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Virginia	Bath Co.	26 May 1960	G. B. Rossbach 1622
USA	Pennsylvania	Venango Co.	12 Jun 1963	L. K. Henry s.n.
USA	California	Santa Cruz	22 Apr 1950	J. H. Thomas 1625
USA	Virginia	King & Queen Co.	20 May 1977	T. R. Bradley 12096
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	01 Feb 1883	M. Rodman s.n.
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	31 May 2008	P. D. Sorensen 8-22
USA	Massachusetts	Barnstable Co.	30 May 1911	J. Murdoch, Jr.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.