Vernonia angustifolia

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

Browse Photos

Consortia links

Image searches

Family:	ASTERACEAE
Species:	Vernonia angustifolia Michx.
Common Name:	TALL IRONWEED
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ASTERALES
Family	ASTERACEAE
Genus	Vernonia
Species	Vernonia angustifolia Michx. - TALL IRONWEED

Citation

Citation	VERNONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 94. 1803.
Basionym:	**
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data, Michaux s.n. (holotype: P).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Baker	FLAS
Bay	FSU
Bradford	FLAS
Brevard	USF
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	USF
Clay	USF
Columbia	USF
Dixie	FLAS
Duval	USF
Escambia	FLAS
Franklin	USF
Gadsden	FLAS
Gilchrist	FLAS
Gulf	FSU
Hernando	USF
Highlands	FSU
Jackson	USF
Jefferson	FSU
Lafayette	FSU
Lake	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	USF
Liberty	FLAS
Madison	USF
Marion	USF
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Orange	USF
Pasco	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Santa Rosa	USF
Seminole	FSU
Sumter	USF
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FSU
Union	FLAS
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	USF
Walton	USF
Washington	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Cacalia angustifolia	Cacalia angustifolia (Michaux) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 968. 1891, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Vernonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Cacalia graminifolia	Cacalia graminifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 968. 1891, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Vernonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Vernonia angustifolia subsp. mohrii	Vernonia angustifolia Michaux, subsp. mohrii (S. B. Jones) S. B. Jones & W. Z. Faust, in Rogerson et al., N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2. 10: 188. 1978.	BASIONYM: Vernonia angustifolia Michaux, var. mohrii S. B. Jones 1964.
Vernonia angustifolia subsp. scaberrima	Vernonia angustifolia Michaux, subsp. scaberrima (Nuttall) S. B. Jones & W. Z. Faust, in Rogerson et al., N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2. 10: 189. 1978.	BASIONYM: Vernonia scaberrima Nuttall 1818.
Vernonia angustifolia var. mohrii	Vernonia angustifolia Michaux, var. mohrii S. B. Jones, Rhodora 66: 397. 1964.		TYPE: ALABAMA: Washington Co.: 12.3 mi. N of Citronelle, s.d., Jones 1406 (holotype: GA).
Vernonia angustifolia var. scaberrima	Vernonia angustifolia Michaux, var. scaberrima (Nuttall) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 91. 1884.	BASIONYM: Vernonia scaberrima Nuttall 1818.
Vernonia graminifolia	Vernonia graminifolia C. Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 759. 1901, nom. illegit. et non Gardner 1847.	BASIONYM: Cacalia graminifolia Kuntze 1891, nom. illegit.; Vernonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Vernonia granienifolia	Vernonia granienifolia Trelease ex Branner & Coville, Rep. (Annual) Geol. Surv. Arkansas 1888(4): 189. 1891.	BASIONYM: Vernonia angustifolia Michaux 1803.
Vernonia scaberrima	Vernonia scaberrima Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 134. 1818.		TYPE: GEORGIA: Without data, Baldwin s.n. (lectotype: MO). Lectotypified by S. B. Jones, Rhodora 66: 397. 1964.
Liatris umbellata	Liatris umbellata Bertoloni, Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 8: 79, t. 11(1). 1846.
Vernonia brevifolia	Vernonia brevifolia Rafinesque, New Fl. 4: 77. 1838 ("1836").		TYPE: ALABAMA:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Sumter Co.	28 Jun 1984	R. P. Wunderlin 9794
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	26 Jul 1983	M. E. Schmid A-299
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	17 Aug 1983	G. Wilhelm 11758
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	Sep 1976	K. Zeiler 14
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	30 Oct 1983	A. Parker 1800
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	29 Aug 2000	R. A. Hattaway FC0147
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	Aug 1951	E.S. Barghoorn 28
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	10 Aug 1958	R. Kral 7795
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8776
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	20 Oct 1960	J. D. Ray, Jr. 10558
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	13 Jul 1976	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	9 Aug 1960	J. D. Ray, Jr. 9889
USA	Florida	Columbia Co.	10 Aug 1991	B. J. Herring 344
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	7 Oct 1972	P. Genelle 1594
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	19 Sep 1959	G. R. Cooley 7065
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	24 Jul 1985	B. F. Hansen 10487
USA	Florida	Columbia Co.	27 Jul 1962	S. B. Jones 1107
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	3 Sep 1959	J. D. Ray, Jr. 9396
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	12 Oct 1979	B. F. Hansen 6448
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	27 Jul 1981	D. S. Correll 52223
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	3 Sep 1959	J. D. Ray, Jr. 9348
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	19 Sep 1981	D. S. Correll 52550
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	15 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6828
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	3 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20585
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	31 Jul 1976	R. P. Wunderlin 5649
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	13 May 2002	T. MacClendon 54
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	26 Aug 2001	M. T. Strong 2779
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	4 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20633
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	23 Jul 2008	T. MacClendon 823
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	23 May 1965	H. S. Conard s.n.
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	10 Jul 1990	S. L. Orzell 14270
USA	Florida	Wakulla Co.	23 Sep 1971	R. L. Lazor 5589
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	1 Aug 1970	O. K. Lakela 32060
USA	Florida	Duval Co.	5 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20683
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	13 Aug 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5831
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	14 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6787
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	5 Jul 1979	B. F. Hansen 5939
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	17 Sep 1981	D. S. Correll 52474
USA	Florida	Sumter Co.	25 Aug 1999	M. T. Strong 2084
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	25 Aug 2009	C. L. Kelloff 1463
USA	Florida	Sumter Co.	07 Oct 2008	E. Gandy DB0144
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	13 Aug 2005	J. Hubbard 97
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	25 Jul 1996	K. Gulledge 78
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	01 Sep 2002	R. Mejeur 969
USA	Alabama	Houston Co.	25 Jul 1969	R. Kral 35744
USA	Alabama	Mobile Co.	09 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 33657
USA	Mississippi	Wayne Co.	18 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7024
USA	Mississippi	Stone Co.	16 Aug 1952	D. Demaree 32885
USA	Georgia	Chattahoochee Co.	31 Aug 1980	John G. Stutts 651
USA	Mississippi	Green Co.	25 Jul 1964	S. B. Jones 2268
USA	Alabama	Bibb Co.	30 Jul 1962	S. B. Jones 1125
USA	Alabama	Baldwin Co.	14 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6751
USA	Georgia	Dooly Co.	22 Aug 1968	R. L. Lane, Jr. 3165
USA	South Carolina	Williamsburg Co.	10 Jul 1996	S. L. Orzell 24913
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	14 Aug 1952	J. D. Ray, Jr. 3344
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	02 Jul 1953	D. Demaree 33489
USA	Georgia	Hancock Co.	28 Jul 1962	S. B. Jones 1122
USA	Florida	Madison Co.	01 Aug 1929	M. Mulvania s.n.
USA	South Carolina	Hampton Co.	21 Jun 2019	J. B. Nelson 40614
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	30 Jul 1962	C. F. Caudle 1347
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	02 Nov 1976	F. Hafer s.n.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Search Help

Select the criterion by which you wish to search (Scientific name, Genus, Family, etc.) and enter that information into the provided field.

Hint: Correct spelling is necessary for desired results, but because this function is a string search the full name need not be entered. Any correct part of a taxon name can be entered and a choice of the correct one made from the small list of resulting matches.

For example, matching the full name exactly in a Scientific Name search for Piptochaetium avenacioides may be difficult, but strings of either tium aven or avenaci or m avenac or pipto will all result in very small lists of matches. The intended name can then be chosen from any of those lists. Usually, the last letter (or two) of a given genus, a space, and the first few correct letters of the specific epithet will provide a sufficiently short list containing the desired taxon.

A similar example in a Common Name search is Virginia snakeroot. Searching using "snake root" will yield no results due to the extra space, but searching "snake" will generate a short list of plants with the word "snake" in the common name. Furthermore, a search of "Virginia snake" or even "nia snak" yields one result: Virginia snakeroot.

If, after following the above advice, then difficulties are still encountered please use the "browse" feature.

Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.