Liatris elegans

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ASTERACEAE
Species:	Liatris elegans (Walter)Michx.
Common Name:	PINKSCALE GAYFEATHER
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ASTERALES
Family	ASTERACEAE
Genus	Liatris
Species	Liatris elegans (Walter)Michx. - PINKSCALE GAYFEATHER

Citation

Citation	LIATRIS ELEGANS (Walter) Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 91. 1803.
Basionym:	Staehelina elegans Walter 1788.
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: Halfway Creek road, WNW of McClellanville, Francis Marion National Forest, 25 Sep 2000, Boufford & Shi 30292 (neotype: GH). Neotypified by D. B. Ward, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 483. 2008.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Bay	FSU
Bradford	FLAS
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	FLAS
Clay	USF
Columbia	USF
Duval	FLAS
Escambia	USF
Flagler	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FLAS
Hamilton	FLAS
Hernando	USF
Holmes	USF
Jackson	FLAS
Jefferson	FSU
Leon	FLAS
Levy	USF
Liberty	USF
Madison	USF
Marion	USF
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	FLAS
Pasco	FLAS
Santa Rosa	FLAS
St. Johns	USF
Sumter	FLAS
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FLAS
Wakulla	FLAS
Walton	FLAS
Washington	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Calostelma elegans	Calostelma elegans (Walter) D. Don, in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2. pl. 184. 1833.	BASIONYM: Stahelina elegans Walter 1788.
Eupatorium speciosum	Eupatorium speciosum Ventenat, Descr. Pl. Nouv. t. 79. 1802, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Serratula speciosa Aiton 1789, nom. illegit.; Staehelina elegans Walter 1788.
Lacinaria elegans	Lacinaria elegans (Walter) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 349. 1891.	BASIONYM: Staehelina elegans Walter 1788.
Liatris elegans var. kralii	Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux, var. kralii Mayfield, Sida 20: 601. 2002.		TYPE: ALABAMA: Lee Co.: 6 mi. S of Auburn, 22 Sep 1899, Earle & Earle 94 (holotype: KSC; isotypes: F, GH, ND, NY, US).
Liatris elegans var. typica	Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux, var. typica Gaiser, Rhodora 48: 341. 1946, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux 1803; Staehelina elegans Walter 1788.
Serratula speciosa	Serratula speciosa Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 138. 1789, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Staehelina elegans Walter 1788.
Staehelina elegans	Staehelina elegans Walter, Fl. Carol. 202. 1788.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: Halfway Creek road, WNW of McClellanville, Francis Marion National Forest, 25 Sep 2000, Boufford & Shi 30292 (neotype: GH). Neotypified by D. B. Ward, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 483. 2008.
Lacinaria flabellata	Lacinaria flabellata Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 472. 1898.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Beaufort Co.: St. Helena Island, Sep 1894, Cuthbert s.n. (holotype: NY; isotype: US).
Liatris elegans forma fisheri	Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux, forma fisheri Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 275. 1936.		TYPE: TEXAS: Coryell Co.: Copperas Cove, Coryell, 26 Aug 1934, Fisher 3456 (holotype: F).
Liatris elegans forma flabellata	Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux, forma flabellata (Small) Mayfield, Sida 20: 603. 2002.	BASIONYM: Lacinaria flabellata Small 1898.
Liatris elegans var. flabellata	Liatris elegans (Walter) Michaux, var. flabellata (Small) Gaiser, Rhodora 48: 345. 1946.	BASIONYM: Lacinaria flabellata Small 1898.
Liatris flabellata	Liatris flabellata (Small) K. Schumann, Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 26(1): 378. 1900.	BASIONYM: Lacinaria flabellata Small 1898.
Liatris radians	Liatris radians Bertoloni, Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Bononiensis 8: 75, pl. 8. 1846.		TYPE: ALABAMA: Without data, Gates s.n. (holotype: ?; isotypes: GH, NY).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	12 Oct 1979	B. F. Hansen 6564
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	16 Sep 1988	S. Petty s.n.
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	31 Oct 1981	D. S. Correll 53052
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	29 Sep 1983	B. F. Hansen 9860
USA	Florida	Madison Co.	01 Oct 1955	R. K. Godfrey 53993
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	15 Sep 1959	G. R. Cooley 6896
USA	Florida	Columbia Co.	21 Sep 1990	B. J. Herring 432
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	15 Sep 1975	D. L. Martin 854
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	16 Oct 1948	E. S. Ford 2391
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8780
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	19 Oct 2005	T. MacClendon 362
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8903
USA	Florida	Washington Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8839
USA	Florida	Flagler Co.	20 Oct 2008	C. Slaughter 17110
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	30 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20935
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	23 Sep 1959	G. R. Cooley 7187
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	29 Sep 1992	S. L. Orzell 20852
USA	Florida	Clay Co.	16 Oct 1992	S. L. Orzell 21172
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	16 Oct 1999	L. L. Walker 133
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	06 Oct 1996	K. Gulledge 124
USA	Georgia	Crawford Co.	15 Sep 1982	R. P. Sauleda & D. Sauleda 7633
USA	Alabama	Covington Co.	20 Oct 1969	R. Kral 38145
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	25 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 34107
USA	Louisiana	LaSalle Par.	25 Oct 1988	R. D. Thomas 108574
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	13 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 33907
USA	Louisiana	Jackson Par.	25 Sep 1973	O. Pylant 22
USA	South Carolina	Beaufort Co.	19 Aug 1975	C. L. Rodgers 75297
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	03 Oct 1977	K. M. Ouchley 18
USA	Louisiana	Rapides Par.	27 Aug 1976	K. A. Vincent 554
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	17 Sep 1978	D. Hartsell 306
USA	Alabama	Pike Co.	24 Sep 2012	A. R. Diamond 23437
USA	Georgia	Burke Co.	19 Sep 1971	W. H. Duncan 23682
USA	Louisiana	Natchitoches Par.	07 Oct 1978	P. Baer s.n.
USA	Arkansas	Saline Co.	04 Sep 1953	D. Demaree 34181
USA	Louisiana	Jackson Par.	30 Sep 1982	R. D. Thomas 2177
USA	Georgia	Ben Hill Co.	11 Sep 2008	R. Chicone 652
USA	Alabama	Barbour Co.	11 Sep 2008	A. R. Diamond 19959
USA	Arkansas	Pike Co.	07 Oct 1958	D. Demaree 40635
USA	Georgia	Turner Co.	12 Oct 1991	S. L. Orzell 18416
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	01 Oct 1970	R. D. Thomas 21440
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	15 Sep 1971	D. Moseley 17
USA	Arkansas	Miller Co.	10 Sep 1961	D. Demaree 44905
USA	Alabama		Aug 1919	E. W. Graves 13407
USA	Alabama	Autauga Co.	24 Sep 1934	R. M. Harper 3264
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	19 Oct 1952	J. D. Ray, Jr. 3280
USA	South Carolina	Bamberg Co.	24 Oct 1957	H. E. Ahles 37633

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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