Myriopus volubilis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	BORAGINACEAE
Species:	Myriopus volubilis (L.)Small
Common Name:	TWINING SOLDIERBUSH
Status:	Native
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	BORAGINALES
Family	BORAGINACEAE
Genus	Myriopus
Species	Myriopus volubilis (L.)Small - TWINING SOLDIERBUSH

Citation

Citation	MYRIOPUS VOLUBILIS (Linnaeus) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1131, 1508. 1933.
Basionym:	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus 1753.
Type:	JAMAICA: Without data (lectotype: Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 143(2). 1707. EPITYPE: JAMAICA: About the Palisadoes in the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and in the Woods of the Savannas, s.d., Herb. Sloane 4: 92 (epitype: BM). Lecto- and epitypified by James Miller, in Cafferty & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 53: 804. 2004.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Collier	FTG
Hillsborough	USF
Lee	USF
Manatee	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FTG
Volusia	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Messerschmidia poliochros	Messerschmidia poliochros (Sprengel) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 371. 1838.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia poliochros Sprengel 1824.
Messerschmidia volubilis	Messerschmidia volubilis (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 4: 541. 1819.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus 1753.
Myriopus poliochros	Myriopus poliochros (Sprengel) Small, Man. S.E. Fl. 1131, 1508. 1933.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia poliochros Sprengel 1824.
Tournefortia poliochros	Tournefortia poliochros Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1: 644. 1824.		TYPE: JAMAICA:
Tournefortia volubilis	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 140. 1753.		TYPE: JAMAICA: Without data (lectotype: Sloane, Voy. Jamaica 1: t. 143(2). 1707. EPITYPE: JAMAICA: About the Palisadoes in the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and in the Woods of the Savannas, s.d., Herb. Sloane 4: 92 (epitype: BM). Lecto- and epitypified by James Miller, in Cafferty & C. E. Jarvis, Taxon 53: 804. 2004.
Verrucaria volubilis	Verrucaria volubilis (Linnaeus) Medikus, Malvenfam. 104. 1787.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus 1753.
Messerschmidia floribunda	Messerschmidia floribunda (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 370. 1838, non Salisbury 1796.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia floribunda Kunth 1818.
Messerschmidia microphylla	Messerschmidia microphylla (Bertero ex Sprengel) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4. 2: 198. 1868.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia microphylla Bertero ex Sprengel 1824.
Messerschmidia punctata	Messerschmidia punctata Sprengel, Neue Entd. 3: 28. 1822.		TYPE: MARTINIQUE:
Messerschmidia sericea	Messerschmidia sericea (Vahl) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 4: 542. 1819.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia sericea Vahl 1796.
Messerschmidia velutina	Messerschmidia velutina (Kunth) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 370. 1838.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia velutina Kunth 1818.
Tournefortia barbadensis	Tournefortia barbadensis N. E. Brown ex Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 343. 1922 ("1921").		TYPE: BARBADOS: Without data, Lane 428 (holotype: K).
Tournefortia caribaea	Tournefortia caribaea (de Candolle) Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W.I. 484. 1861.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth, var. caribaea de Candolle 1845.
Tournefortia floribunda	Tournefortia floribunda Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 79. 1818.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Near Cumana and Cumanacoa,
Tournefortia microphylla	Tournefortia microphylla Bertero ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1: 744. 1824.
Tournefortia psilostachya var. caribaea	Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth, var. caribaea de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 525. 1845.
Tournefortia punctata	Tournefortia punctata (Sprengel) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1: 643. 1824.	BASIONYM: Messerschmidia punctata Sprengel 1822.
Tournefortia sericea	Tournefortia sericea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 17. 1796.
Tournefortia trinitatis	Tournefortia trinitatis Riley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 139. 1925.		TYPE: TRINIDAD: Near Four Roads, May 1924, Riley 210 (holotype: K).
Tournefortia velutina	Tournefortia velutina Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 79, t. 201. 1818.		TYPE: MEXICO: Guerrero: Near Acapulco,
Tournefortia volubilis var. glabrata	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus, var. glabrata de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 523. 1845.		TYPE: PUERTO RICO:
Tournefortia volubilis var. hirsuta	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus, var. hirsuta de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 523. 1845.		TYPE: CUBA:
Tournefortia volubilis var. microphylla	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus, var. microphylla (Bertero ex Sprengel) de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 523. 1845.	BASIONYM: Tournefortia microphylla Bertero ex Sprengel 1824.
Tournefortia volubilis var. oblongifolia	Tournefortia volubilis Linnaeus, var. oblongifolia de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 523. 1845.		TYPE: CUBA:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	21 Aug 1976	A.G. Shuey 1703
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	08 Sep 1981	W. C. Brumbach 9734
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	21 Sep 2009	S.W. Braem CC0003
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	13 Dec 1962	F. C. Craighead s.n.
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	03 May 1958	G. R. Cooley 6212
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	Oct 1962	G. R. Cooley 9285
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	24 Jul 2003	J. Garner s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Jun 1976	S. Mortellaro 19
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Jun 1976	R. P. Wunderlin 5633
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	19 Oct 1974	D. Cole 23
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	03 Feb 2008	E. Gandy CH0056
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	03 May 1999	K. A. Bradley 2022
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	07 Aug 1966	R. W. Long 2153
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	27 Nov 1969	R. W. Long 2985
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	06 Feb 1975	D. P. Cole 82
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	10 Nov 1981	W. C. Brumbach 9750
Turks & Caicos	Caicos	Middle Caicos Distr.	23 Apr 1971	D. Burch 4310
Bahamas	Cat Island	Cat Island Distr.	15 Dec 1979	R. P. Wunderlin 8394
Bahamas	Berry Islands	Berry Islands Distr.	12 May 1979	R. P. Sauleda 2494
Dominican Republic	La Altagracia Prov.	San Rafael del Yuma Mun.	22 Aug 1968	A. H. Liogier 12261
Bahamas	Long Island	Long Island Distr.	20 Jul 1998	E. Freid 98-237
Bahamas	Exuma	Black Point Distr.	26 Jun 1995	E. Freid 95-146
Bahamas	Andros Island	South Andros Distr.	02 May 1979	R. P. Sauleda 2449
Cayman Islands	Grand Cayman Island	West Bay Distr.	21 Dec 1971	N. Chevalier 303
Bahamas	Eleuthera Island	South Eleuthera Distr.	12 Jul 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5733
Bahamas	Eleuthera Island	North Eleuthera Distr.	21 Dec 1969	W. H. Lewis 7426
Barbados	St. Joseph Par.		10 Mar 1965	G. R. Proctor 26207
Dominican Republic	San Pedro de Macorís Prov.	Guayacanes Mun.	03 Oct 1970	A. H. Liogier 17528
St. Vincent & the Grenadines	St. Vincent	St. George Par.	02 Mar 1965	G. R. Proctor 26045
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	24 Oct 1987	J. N. Burch 205
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		01 Apr 1985	F. Padilla 110
Mexico	Veracruz		26 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3272
Belize	Belize Distr.		10 Jul 1973	J. D. Dwyer 11587
Colombia	Magdalena Dept.		Aug 1898-1901	Herbert H. Smith 333
Ecuador	Guayas Prov.		23 Oct 1981	C. H. Dodson 11925
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	22 Jan 2020	J. Lange 216
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	26 Aug 2019	J. Lange 179

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.