Heliotropium curassavicum

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	BORAGINACEAE
Species:	Heliotropium curassavicum L.
Common Name:	SEASIDE HELIOTROPE; SALT HELIOTROPE
Status:	Native, FAC (DEP), OBL (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	BORAGINALES
Family	BORAGINACEAE
Genus	Heliotropium
Species	Heliotropium curassavicum L. - SEASIDE HELIOTROPE; SALT HELIOTROPE

Citation

Citation	HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 130. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	CURACAO: Without data (lectotype: LINN 179.11). Lectotypified by R. A. Howard, Fl. Less. Antill., Dicot. 3: 202. 1989.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Citrus	USF
Collier	USF
Franklin	USF
Hendry	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Indian River	FLAS
Lee	USF
Levy	FLAS
Manatee	USF
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Monroe Keys	USF
Monroe Mainland	FLAS
Pasco	USF
Pinellas	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Sarasota	SEL
Seminole	FLAS
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Heliotropium angustifolium	Heliotropium angustifolium Rafinesque, Herb. Raf. 79. 1833, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus 1753.
Heliotropium curassavicum var. genuinum	Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus, var. genuinum I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 81: 14. 1928, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus 1753.
Heliotropium glaucophyllum	Heliotropium glaucophyllum Moench, Suppl. Meth. 147. 1802, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus 1753.
Heliotropium glaucum	Heliotropium glaucum Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 113. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus 1753.
Coldenia succulenta	Coldenia succulenta Peter, Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 13(2): 90. 1928.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Mkomazi, Lake Manka, s.d., Peter 10857 (holotype: B).
Heliotropium chenopodioides	Heliotropium chenopodioides Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 175. 1809.
Heliotropium chilense	Heliotropium chilense Bertero, Mercurio Chileno 14: 647. 1829.		TYPE: CHILE: Santiago: Near Laguna de Aculeo, 1818, Bertero s.n. (holotype: ?; isotypes: GH, SGO).
Heliotropium curassavicum var. chenopodioides	Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus, var. chenopodioides (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Lehmann, Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 34. 1818.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium chenopodioides Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow 1809.
Heliotropium curassavicum var. xerophilum	Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus, var. xerophilum (Cockerell) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride, Bot. Gaz. 61: 35. 1916.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium xerophilum Cockerell 1902.
Heliotropium portulacoides	Heliotropium portulacoides de Candolle ex Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 298. 1881.
Heliotropium xerophilum	Heliotropium xerophilum Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 33: 379. 1902.		TYPE: NEW MEXICO:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	31 May 2005	S.W. Braem HI0170
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	01 May 1956	V. Ducey 46
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	14 Sep 1979	B. F. Hansen 6288
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	01 Apr 1979	W. C. Brumbach 9470
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	17 Jul 1971	C. P. Sreemadhavan 5101
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	25 Apr 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 5958
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	19 Apr 1954	G. R. Cooley 2625
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	17 Apr 2000	J. Scanlon
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	Jun 1978	C. G. Wright 19
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	05 May 1975	A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	23 May 1964	P. Maheshwari 27179
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	18 Jul 1962	O. K. Lakela 25184
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	08 May 1954	G. R. Cooley 2676
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	11 Feb 1967	R. W. Long 2562
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	18 Jul 2000	C. Slaughter 12085
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	05 Apr 1952	G. R. Cooley 1175
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	08 Feb 2002	P. L. Howell 683
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	27 Jun 2001	C. vanHoek CI213
USA	Florida	Martin Co.	23 Jul 2002	S. W. Woodmansee 743
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	26 Apr 2006	C. Slaughter 14790
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	28 Feb 2005	J. M. Kunzer 972
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	23 May 1963	O. K. Lakela 25991
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	24 Aug 1960	J. D. Ray, Jr. 10050
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	24 Jul 2009	S. Braem TC0019
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	11 Jan 1961	D. E. Anderson 1437
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	22 Mar 2013	L. B. Birch 767
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	07 Aug 2008	J. M. Kunzer 2477
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	08 Aug 2004	C. vanHoek WB0472
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	22 May 1980	R. P. Sauleda 3569
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	25 May 1977	P. Genelle 2848
USA	Florida	Charlotte Co.	14 May 1999	S. Braem DP0080
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	27 Apr 1973	A.G. Shuey M1472
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	20 Mar 1974	S. Todd 150
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	22 Feb 1967	W. C. Brumbach 5737
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	03 May 1981	R. P. Sauleda 4940
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	28 Jun 1994	S. Cole HI0013
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	18 Dec 1972	P. Genelle 1653
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	17 Nov 1973	R. P. Wunderlin 5238
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	06 Mar 1965	C. M. Aregood 156
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	24 Jun 1975	J. C. Semple 1677
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	07 Feb 1975	A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	19 Jun 1980	N. F. F. MacLeish 632
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	13 Mar 1984	S. R. Hill 13449
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	17 Jul 1982	L. C. Anderson 6047
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	13 Mar 1984	S. R. Hill 13449
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	01 May 1956	V. Ducey 204
Antigua & Barbuda	Antigua	St. John Par.	21 May 1970	M. B. Meagher MM251
Cayman Islands	Grand Cayman Island	George Town Distr.	16 Aug 1971	N. Chevalier 45
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	St. Andrew Par.	19 Jul 1963	M. R. Crosby 809
Puerto Rico		Fajardo Mun.	23 Mar 1971	D. Burch 3419
Dominican Republic	Barahona Prov.	Enriquillo Mun.	20 May 1981	T. A. Zanoni 13508	Altitude: 0 m at river, 30 m upper area at bridge.
Bahamas	Long Island	Long Island Distr.	03 Jul 1998	E. Freid 98-170	Duplicates: 2.
Bahamas	Grand Inagua Island	Inagua Distr.	05 Jul 1963	H. E. Hackett 168
Bahamas	Eleuthera Island	Central Eleuthera Distr.	09 Jul 1981	R. P. Sauleda 5685
St. Vincent & the Grenadines	St. Vincent	Charlotte Par.	22 Mar 1962	G. R. Cooley 8532
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	Kingston Par.	02 Apr 1952	G. R. Proctor 6499
USA	Florida	Hendry Co.	29 Apr 1961	W. D. Burns s.n.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	23 Mar 2017	J. R. Campbell 662
Mexico	Oaxaca		22 Jul 1979	L. Hess 1260
Colombia	Magdalena Dept.		Sep 1989-1901	Herbert H. Smith 544
Belize	Cayo Distr.		28 May 1971	J. Utley 814
Suriname	Nickerie Distr.		25 Aug 1961	W. H. A. Hekking 957
Mexico	Yucatán		23 Mar 1970	J. Utley 35
USA	Louisiana	Terrebonne Par.	26 Jun 1971	R. D. Thomas 23839
USA	Louisiana	Natchitoches Par.	14 Aug 1980	R. D. Thomas 72586
USA	Louisiana	Cameron Par.	06 Aug 1983	D. D. Taylor 4530
USA	Louisiana	Cameron Par.	05 Aug 1983	D. D. Taylor 4485
USA	Mississippi	Hancock Co.	24 Jul 1969	S. B. Jones 17514
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	09 Nov 1956	J. A. Moore 6996
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	21 Jul 1957	H. E. Ahles 32080
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	23 Jun 1954	W. H. Duncan 17984
USA	Louisiana	Vermilion Co.	04 Oct 1974	V. I. Sullivan 1851
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	01 Jun 1963	C. F. Caudle 2856
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	27 Jun 1964	C. F. Caudle 6025

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2025. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.