Euploca procumbens

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	BORAGINACEAE
Species:	Euploca procumbens (Mill.)Diane & Hilger
Common Name:	FOURSPIKE HELIOTROPE
Status:	Not Native, FACW (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	BORAGINALES
Family	BORAGINACEAE
Genus	Euploca
Species	Euploca procumbens (Mill.)Diane & Hilger - FOURSPIKE HELIOTROPE

Citation

Citation	EUPLOCA PROCUMBENS (Miller) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 48. 2003.
Basionym:	Heliotropium procumbens Miller 1768.
Type:	JAMAICA: Without data (lectotype: BM). Lectotypified by R. A. Howard, Fl. Less. Antill., Dicot. 3: 204. 1989.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Broward	USF
Calhoun	USF
Liberty	FSU
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Mainland	FTG
Polk	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Heliotropium canescens	Heliotropium canescens Lehmann, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 9: 88. 1818; Pl. Asperif. Nucif. 38. 1818, non Moench 1794.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Without data, Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype: B?).
Heliotropium procumbens	Heliotropium procumbens Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Heliotropium no. 10. 1768.		TYPE: JAMAICA: Without data (lectotype: BM). Lectotypified by R. A. Howard, Fl. Less. Antill., Dicot. 3: 204. 1989.
Heliotropium americanum	Heliotropium americanum Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Heliotropium bridgesii	Heliotropium bridgesii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 224. 1895.		TYPE: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Vicinity of Cochabamba, 1891, Bang 950 (holotype: NY; isotypes: B, BM, GH, K, US).
Heliotropium canescens	Heliotropium canescens Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 88. 1818, non Moench 1794, nec Lehmann 1818.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Cumana,
Heliotropium cinereum	Heliotropium cinereum Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 89, t. 206. 1818.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Apure: Río Apure, near Arichuna,
Heliotropium decumbens	Heliotropium decumbens Lehmann, Neue Schriften Naturf. Ges. Halle 3(2): 16. 1817.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Cumana,
Heliotropium eggersii	Heliotropium eggersii Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 481. 1908.		TYPE: BAHAMAS: Fortune Island, Feb, Eggers 3389 (holotype: B?).
Heliotropium ellipticum	Heliotropium ellipticum (Fresenius) Gürke, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 97. 1893, non Ledebour 1832.	BASIONYM: Schleidenia elliptica Fresenius 1857.
Heliotropium houstonii	Heliotropium houstonii de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 549. 1845.
Heliotropium humboldtianum	Heliotropium humboldtianum Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 4: 737. 1819.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium canescens Kunth 1818, non Moench 1794, nec Lehmann 1818.
Heliotropium inundatum	Heliotropium inundatum Swartz, Prodr. 40. 1788.		TYPE: JAMAICA:
Heliotropium inundatum subforma pusillum	Heliotropium inundatum Swartz, subforma pusillum Hassler, Trab. Mus. Farmacol. 21: 100. 1909.		TYPE: ARGENTINA:
Heliotropium inundatum var. chacoense	Heliotropium inundatum Swartz, var. chacoense R. E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 6(11): 22. 1906.		TYPE: BOLIVIA: Tarija: Along Río Pilcomayo near Fort Crevaux, 18 Apr 1902, Fries 1614 (holotype: S?; isotype: US).
Heliotropium inundatum var. cubense	Heliotropium inundatum Swartz, var. cubense de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 540. 1845.		TYPE: CUBA:
Heliotropium longepetiolatum	Heliotropium longepetiolatum (Fresenius) Gürke, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 97. 1893.	BASIONYM: Schleidenia longepetiolatum Fresenius 1857.
Heliotropium procumbens	Heliotropium procumbens Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 88. 1818, non Miller 1768.		TYPE: VENEZUELA: Sucre: Cumana,
Heliotropium procumbens forma ellipticum	Heliotropium procumbens Miller, forma ellipticum Chodat & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2. 5: 483. 1905.		TYPE: PARAGUAY: Near Concepción, Sep, Hassler 7341 (holotype: G; isotypes: B, BM).
Heliotropium rigidulum	Heliotropium rigidulum de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 540. 1845.		TYPE: BRAZIL/MEXICO:
Heliotropium riparium	Heliotropium riparium Martius ex Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 226. 1835.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Bahia: Rio Jequitinhonha, "Rio Belmonte", s.d., Wied-Neuwied s.n. (lectotype: TO; isolectotypes: BM, K). Lectotypified by Moraes et al., Harvard Pap. Bot. 19(1): 135. 2014.
Heliotropium simplex	Heliotropium simplex Meyen, Reise 1: 436. 1834.		TYPE: CHILE: Tacna: Arica, s.d., Meyen s.n. (holotype: B).
Heliotropium willdenowii	Heliotropium willdenowii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 359. 1838.
Schleidenia elliptica	Schleidenia elliptica Fresenius, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(1): 42. 1857.		TYPE: BRAZIL:
Schleidenia inundata	Schleidenia inundata (Swartz) Fresenius, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(1): 43. 1857.	BASIONYM: Heliotropium procumbens Miller 1768.
Schleidenia longepetiolata	Schleidenia longepetiolata Fresenius, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(1): 42. 1857.		TYPE: BRAZIL:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	27 May 1996	K. A. Bradley 560
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	21 Apr 1999	K. A. Bradley 2019
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	07 Apr 1999	K. A. Bradley 2007
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	Jul 2001	G. Dalrymple s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	21 Apr 1999	K. A. Bradley 2019
Jamaica	Middlesex Co.	St. Catherine Par.	13 May 1970	M. Meagher 140
Mexico	Veracruz	Tempoal Mun.	22 Jun 1980	M. Nee 18375
Mexico	Tamaulipas		21 Jun 1980	B. F. Hansen 7314
Mexico	Veracruz	Poza Rica Mun.	23 Jun 1980	B. F. Hansen 7408
Mexico	Oaxaca		19 Aug 1995	Livorio 95-94
Mexico	Oaxaca	Santiago Apóstol Mun.	06 Jun 1984	G. G. Robinson 84-4-28
Mexico	Oaxaca		14 Jun 1995	J. S. Martínez 147
Mexico	Sinaloa		23 Jul 1975	Dunn 21845
Mexico	Michoacán		30 Mar 1970	D. Burch 2012
Costa Rica	Guanacaste Prov.		10 May 1972	M. McDiarmid 72-18
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	15 Jul 2017	T. MacClendon 1473
USA	Mississippi	Wilkinson Co.	01 Jul 1972	K. E. Rogers 8433
USA	Louisiana	Richland Par.	07 Aug 1974	R. D. Thomas 41115
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	28 Jul 1983	D. D. Taylor 4395
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	15 Nov 1968	R. D. Thomas 12788
USA	Oklahoma	McCurtain Co.	13 Oct 1962	J. M. Cooper 147
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	17 Jul 2016	A. R. Franck 4072
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	17 Jul 2016	A. R. Franck 4073
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	04 Apr 2019	J. Lange 118

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

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State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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