Morella caroliniensis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	MYRICACEAE
Species:	Morella caroliniensis (Mill.)Small
Common Name:	EVERGREEN BAYBERRY; NORTHERN BAYBERRY
Status:	Native, FACW (DEP), FACW (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FAGALES
Family	MYRICACEAE
Genus	Morella
Species	Morella caroliniensis (Mill.)Small - EVERGREEN BAYBERRY; NORTHERN BAYBERRY

Citation

Citation	MORELLA CAROLINIENSIS (Miller) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 337, 1329. 1903.
Basionym:	Myrica caroliniensis Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: pl. 13. 1730). Lectotypified by Wilbur, Rhodora 104: 39. 2002.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Baker	FLAS
Bay	FLAS
Calhoun	USF
Clay	FLAS
Duval	USF
Escambia	FLAS
Flagler	FSU
Franklin	USF
Gadsden	FLAS
Gulf	USF
Highlands	USF
Holmes	FLAS
Jackson	FLAS
Leon	FLAS
Liberty	USF
Marion	FLAS
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Santa Rosa	USF
Wakulla	FLAS
Walton	USF
Washington	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Cerothamnus caroliniensis	Cerothamnus caroliniensis (Miller) Tidestrom, Elys. Marian. Ferns 41. 1910.	BASIONYM: Myrica caroliniensis Miller 1768.
Cerothamnus heterophylus	Cerothamnus heterophylus (Rafinesque) Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 386. 1975.	BASIONYM: Myrica heterophyla Rafinesque 1838.
Myrica caroliniensis	Myrica caroliniensis Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1: pl. 13. 1730). Lectotypified by Wilbur, Rhodora 104: 39. 2002.
Myrica cerifera var. frutescens	Myrica cerifera Linnaeus, var. frutescens Castiglioni, Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 302. 1790, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Myrica cerifera Linnaeus, var. latifolia Aiton 1789; Myrica caroliniensis Miller 1768.
Myrica cerifera var. latifolia	Myrica cerifera Linnaeus, var. latifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 396. 1789.	BASIONYM: Myrica caroliniensis Miller 1768.
Myrica cerifera var. media	Myrica cerifera Linnaeus, var. media Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 228. 1803.
Myrica curtissii	Myrica curtissii A. Chevalier, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 269. 1901.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Duval Co.: Pine barrens near Jacksonville, 10 Mar, 22 Oct 1894, Curtiss 4571 (isosyntypes, P, G, NY).
Myrica curtissii var. media	Myrica curtissii A. Chevalier, var. media (Michaux) A. Chevalier, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 270. 1901.	BASIONYM: Myrica cerifera Linnaeus, var. media Michaux 1803.
Myrica heterophyla	Myrica heterophyla Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 9. 1838.		"Carolina to Florida",
Myrica heterophyla var. curtissii	Myrica heterophyla Rafinesque, var. curtissii (A. Chevalier) Fernald, Rhodora 40: 410. 1938.	BASIONYM: Myrica curtissii A. Chevalier 1901.
Myrica sessilifolia	Myrica sessilifolia Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 10. 1838.		TYPE: "New Jersey to Florida",
Cerothamnus pensylvanicus	Cerothamnus pensylvanicus (Mirbel) Moldenke, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 4: 190. 1937.	BASIONYM: Myrica pensylvanica Mirbel 1804.
Myrica pensylvanica	Myrica pensylvanica Mirbel, in Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 2: 190, t. 55. 1804.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA:
Myrica sessilifolia var. latifolia	Myrica sessilifolia Rafinesque, var. latifolia Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 10. 1838.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	02 Mar 1980	C. vanHoek s.n.
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	08 Jun 1983	W. S. Judd 3349
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	18 Jul 1986	R. P. Wunderlin 10249
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	16 Mar 1983	G. Wilhelm 11113
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	18 Oct 1991	S. L. Orzell 18611
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	16 Aug 1993	S. L. Orzell 22282
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	17 Aug 1993	S. L. Orzell 22291
USA	Florida	Gulf Co.	21 Mar 1992	S. L. Orzell 19263
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	22 Oct 1993	S. L. Orzell 22496
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	21 Mar 1949	S. C. Hood 1623
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	05 Jun 2000	C. Slaughter 11985
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	24 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8073
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	13 Nov 2001	R. A. Hattaway HH0134
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	21 May 1981	G. Wilhelm 9053
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	15 Feb 1982	D. S. Correll 53299
USA	Florida	Santa Rosa Co.	s.d.	unknown 28
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	20 May 1976	J. C. Solomon 5594
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	10 Mar 1955	R. K. Godfrey 52957
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	15 Jan 1955	R. K. Godfrey 52804
USA	Florida	Duval Co.	14 Aug 2007	C. Slaughter 15804
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	24 Mar 2008	T. MacClendon 764
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	21 Mar 2015	W. D. Longbottom 22396
USA	Georgia	Bulloch Co.	09 Apr 1996	S. R. Hill 27634
USA	Mississippi	Scott Co.	27 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7287
USA	Mississippi	Newton Co.	27 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 3075
USA	North Carolina	Dare Co.	04 Aug 1966	A. E. Radford 45099
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	18 Jul 1954	D. Demaree 35739
USA	Louisiana	Catahoula Par.	08 Aug 1967	R. D. Thomas 4014
USA	Mississippi	Stone Co.	24 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 34072
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	06 Nov 1992	S. R. Hill 24572
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	29 Jul 1952	D. Demaree 32378
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	18 Apr 1954	D. Demaree 34881
USA	Alabama	Cherokee Co.	16 Jul 1984	R. D. Whetstone 14558
USA	Mississippi	Hancock Co.	29 Jun 1984	C. Hermann 244
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	22 Aug 1953	D. Demaree 34033
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	21 Feb 1954	D. Demaree 34675
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	12 Oct 1991	S. R. Hill 22702
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	27 Feb 1954	D. Demaree 34683
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	21 Feb 1954	D. Demaree 34676
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	02 Jul 1953	D. Demaree 33490
USA	Georgia	Brantley Co.	25 Apr 1981	J. Beckner 2482
USA	Mississippi	Lamar Co.	26 Jul 1956	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7217
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	29 Jul 1968	R. D. Thomas 10983
USA	Mississippi	Jackson Co.	28 Jul 1955	R. K. Godfrey 53706
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	03 Nov 1972	R. D. Pavlu 133	"Wax-myrlte".
USA	Georgia	Brantley Co.	25 Apr 1981	J. Beckner 2481
USA	Mississippi	Harrison Co.	14 Mar 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7693
USA	North Carolina	Nash Co.	15 Oct 1956	H. E. Ahles 21227
USA	Mississippi	Perry Co.	28 Jun 1940	J. D. Ray, Jr. s.n.
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	16 Apr 1968	S. W. Leonard 1275
USA	Mississippi	Stone Co.	14 Mar 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 7706
USA	Georgia	McIntosh Co.	03 Jun 1963	J. R. Bozeman 2823
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	16 Mar 1971	S. Stellman 224	"Wax-myrtle".
USA	South Carolina	Berkeley Co.	16 Apr 1968	S. W. Leonard 1275
USA	South Carolina	Charleston Co.	17 Apr 1993	S. R. Hill 24942
USA	North Carolina	Pender Co.	17 Apr 1999	S. R. Hill 31257

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
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State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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