Piper aduncum

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	PIPERACEAE
Species:	Piper aduncum L.
Common Name:	SPIKED PEPPER; FALSE MATICO; HIGUILLO DE HOJA MENUDA
Status:	Not Native, FAC (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	PIPERALES
Family	PIPERACEAE
Genus	Piper
Species	Piper aduncum L. - SPIKED PEPPER; FALSE MATICO; HIGUILLO DE HOJA MENUDA

Citation

Citation	PIPER ADUNCUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 29. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	JAMAICA: Without data (lectotype: Plumier, Descr. Pl. Amer. t. 77. 1693). Lectotypified by Saralegui Boza, in Greuter & Rankin Rodríguez, Fl. Republ. Cuba, ser. A. 9(3): 81. 2004.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Mainland	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Artanthe adunca	Artanthe adunca (Linnaeus) Miquel, Comm. Phytogr. 49. 16-21 Mar 1840.	BASIONYM: Piper aduncum Linnaeus 1753.
Steffensia adunca	Steffensia adunca (Linnaeus) Kunth, Linnaea 13: 633. Mar-Jun 1840 ("1839").	BASIONYM: Piper aduncum Linnaeus 1753.
Artanthe celtidifolia	Artanthe celtidifolia (Kunth) Miquel, Syst. Piperac. 452. 1844.	BASIONYM: Piper celitidfolium Kunth 1816.
Piper aduncifolium	Piper aduncifolium Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 171. 1929.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: Carrillo, 8 Sep 1889, Pittier 1196 (holotype: US).
Piper aduncum var. laevifolium	Piper aduncum Linnaeus, var. laevifolium C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 71(6): 8. 1920.		TYPE: PANAMA: Colón: Porto Bello, 17-18 Jan 1911, Pittier 2438 (holotype: US).
Piper anguillaespicum	Piper anguillaespicum Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 175. 1929.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: San Ramon, s.d., Brenes 14197 (holotype: US).
Piper celtidifolium	Piper celtidifolium Kunth, in Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 50. 1816.		TYPE: VENEZUELA:
Piper disparispicum	Piper disparispicum Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 170. 1929.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: San Jose: Escasu, 29 Jan 1924, Standley 32319 (holotype: US).
Piper elongatum var. laevifolium	Piper elongatum Vahl, var. laevifolium (C. de Candolle) Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 37. 1927.	BASIONYM: Piper aduncum Linnaeus, var. laevifolium C. de Candolle 1920.
Piper fatoanum	Piper fatoanum C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 71(6): 7. 1920.		TYPE: PANAMA: Colón: Beach between Fató and Playa de Damas, 8-10 Jul 1911, Pittier 3935 (holotype: US).
Piper flavescens	Piper flavescens (C. de Candolle) Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 184. 1929.	BASIONYM: Piper pseudovelutinum C. de Candolle, var. flavescens C. de Candolle 1891.
Piper hebecarpum	Piper hebecarpum C. de Candolle, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 183. 1902.		TYPE: MARTINIQUE:
Piper intersitum	Piper intersitum Trelease, Caldasia 1: 86. 1940.		TYPE: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Porcecito, s.d., Daniel 890 (holotype: US; isotype: ILL fragm).
Piper intersitum var. porcecitense	Piper intersitum Trelease, var. porcecitense Trelease, Caldasia 1: 87. 1940.		TYPE: COLOMBIA:
Piper martinicense	Piper martinicense C. de Candolle, in Briquet, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Gèneve 2: 259. 1898.		TYPE: MARTINIQUE:
Piper martinicense var. genuinum	Piper martinicense C. de Candolle, var. genuinum Stehle, Fl. Descr. Antill. Franc. 2(1): 106. 1940, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Piper martinicense C. de Candolle 1898.
Piper martinicense var. montis-pilati	Piper martinicense C. de Candolle, var. montis-pilati C. de Candolle, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 196. 1902.		TYPE: MARTINIQUE:
Piper multinervium	Piper multinervium M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 130. 1843.		TYPE: MEXICO:
Piper multinervium var. amplum	Piper multinervium M. Martens & Galeotti, var. amplum Trelease, in Yuncker, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 347. 1938.		TYPE: GUATEMALA: Peten: La Libertad, 7 Apr 1933, Lundell 2556 (holotype: MICH; isotype: ILL).
Piper multinervium var. kantelolense	Piper multinervium M. Martens & Galeotti, var. kantelolense Trelease, in Yuncker, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 348. 1938.		TYPE: GUATEMALA: Peten: La Libertad, 25 Apr 1933, Lundell 3008 (holotype: ILL).
Piper multinervium var. skutchii	Piper multinervium M. Martens & Galeotti, var. skutchii Trelease, in Yuncker, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 350. 1938.		TYPE: GUATEMALA: Quetzaltenango: Colomba, 24 Sep 1934, Skutch 1299 (holotype: ILL).
Piper oblanceolatum var. fragilicaule	Piper oblanceolatum Trelease, var. fragilicaule Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 175. 1929.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: El Arenal, 18-19 Jan 1926, Standley & Valerio 45228 (holotype: US).
Piper pseudovelutinum var. flavescens	Piper pseudovelutinum C. de Candolle, var. flavescens C. de Candolle, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30(1): 203. 1891.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: San Jose: Río Tiliri, near San Jose, s.d., Tonduz 3175 (holotype: G?).
Piper stehleorum	Piper stehleorum Trelease, in Stehle, Fl. Descr. Antill. Franc. 2(1): 100. 1940.		TYPE: GUADELOUPE: "Gorges Se la Falaise.", 24 May 1939, Stehle & Stehle 3257 (holotype: ILL; isotype: ILL).
Piper submolle	Piper submolle Trelease, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 178. 1929.		TYPE: COSTA RICA: Limon: Carmen, 20 Feb 1896, Standley & Valerio 48363 (holotype: US).
Piper subrectinerve	Piper subrectinerve C. de Candolle, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 180. 1902.		TYPE: ST. VINCENT:
Steffensia celtidifolia	Steffensia celtidifolia (Kunth) Kunth, Linnaea 13: 635. 1840 ("1839").	BASIONYM: Piper celtidifolium Kunth 1816.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	05 Mar 1998	K. A. Bradley 1414
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	29 Mar 1975	G. N. Avery 1564
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	20 Feb 1993	J. Popenoe 2479
USA	Florida	Monroe Co.	18 Dec 1984	R. L. Hammer s.n.
Jamaica	Middlesex Co.	St. Ann Par.	15 Jul 1952	G. R. Proctor 6927
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	Portland Par.	Apr 1967	R. E. Vagner 222
Puerto Rico		Patillas Mun.	19 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 9160
Dominican Republic	Distrito Nacional		23 Apr 1970	D. Burch 2301
Dominican Republic	San Cristobal Prov.		02 May 1984	T. A. Zanoni 29669
Dominican Republic	San Cristobal Prov.		02 Apr 1984	T. A. Zanoni 29500
Dominican Republic	La Vega Prov.		16 Jul 1981	J. Watson 815
Puerto Rico		Comerío Mun.	25 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 9376
Dominican Republic	Distrito Nacional		21 Aug 1982	R. P. Sauleda 7456
Jamaica	Middlesex Co.	Clarendon Co.	28 Mar 1965	G. R. Proctor 26296
Mexico	Hidalgo		27 Oct 1997	E. Romero L. 10-97-22	Nombre en Otomí: ra k'axt'a agyu.
Mexico	Jalisco		19 Mar 1989	M. A. Wetter 2022
Mexico	Oaxaca		25 Feb 1995	B. Martínez 95-4	Nombre Chinanteco: hma jan.
Honduras	Cortés Dept.		31 Mar 1985	V. M. Figueroa G. 191
Honduras	Atlántida Dept.		31 Mar 1984	D. Velásquez D. 119
Mexico	Veracruz	Alamo Mun.	23 Jun 1980	B. F. Hansen 7367
Panama	Canal Zone Prov.		16 Sep 1973	M. Nee 7006	MADw 32397.
Panama	Canal Zone Prov.		27 Sep 1965	E. L. Tyson 1308
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		11 Mar 1984	S. Y. Chévez 111
Honduras	Santa Bárbara Dept.		10 Mar 1985	A. Ortega 137
Mexico	Oaxaca		25 May 1995	B. Martínez s.n.	Nombre Chinanteco: hma ján.
Ecuador	Los Ríos Prov.	Vinces Canton	15 Aug 1978	C. H. Dodson 7065
Colombia	Magdalena Dept.		1898-1901	Herbert H. Smith 1229
Guatemala	Escuintla Dept.		04 Aug 1978	M. Pennell 316
Mexico	Hidalgo		26 Dec 1997	E. Romero L. 12-97-2	Nombre en Otomí: ra t'onjwa agyu.
Venezuela	Distrito Federal		05 Oct 1971	R. W. Long 3471
Mexico	Jalisco		15 Mar 1989	T. S. Cochrane 11667
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		18 May 1985	C. Bendeck 196
Honduras	Olancho Dept.		28 Apr 1985	C. Sherman 123
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		19 May 1984	G. Adolfo Torres 196
Honduras	Atlántida Dept.		31 Mar 1984	D. Velásquez D. 119
Ecuador	Pichincha Prov.		21 May 1983	C. H. Dodson 13737
Ecuador	Pichincha Prov.		21 May 1983	C. H. Dodson 13737
Suriname	Brokopondo Distr.		06 Oct 1966	J. van Donsellaar 3757

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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