Arundo donax

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Arundo donax L.
Common Name:	GIANT REED
Status:	Not Native, FAC (DEP), FAC (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Arundo
Species	Arundo donax L. - GIANT REED

Citation

Citation	ARUNDO DONAX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 81. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	Without data, Herb. van Royen s.n. (lectotype: L 912.356-93). Lectotypified by Renvoize, in C. E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 21. 1993.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bradford	USF
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	USF
Collier	USF
Columbia	FLAS
Duval	USF
Escambia	FSU
Flagler	FLAS
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	FSU
Gulf	PIHG
Hamilton	FSU
Hernando	USF
Highlands	FSU
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	FSU
Jefferson	FSU
Lafayette	FSU
Lake	USF
Lee	FLAS
Leon	FSU
Levy	PIHG
Liberty	FSU
Madison	FSU
Marion	FLAS
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Mainland	FLAS
Nassau	USF
Okaloosa	FLAS
Osceola	USF
Pasco	USF
Polk	FLAS
Santa Rosa	UWFP
Sarasota	USF
Seminole	USF
Sumter	PIHG
Suwannee	FSU
Taylor	FSU
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FSU
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Arundo donax forma versicolor	Arundo donax Linnaeus, forma versicolor (Miller) Beetle, Phytologia 34: 174. 1978.	BASIONYM: Arundo versicolor Miller 1768.
Arundo donax var. versicolor	Arundo donax Linnaeus, var. versicolor (Miller) Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 160. 1812.	BASIONYM: Arundo versicolor Miller 1768.
Arundo glauca	Arundo glauca Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 4: 303. 1901, nom. illegit. et non Marschall von Bieberstein 1808, nec Hornemann 1813.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Arundo latifolia	Arundo latifolia Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Arundo sativa	Arundo sativa Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 3: 616. 1779 ("1778"), nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Arundo versicolor	Arundo versicolor Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.		TYPE: INDIA:
Cynodon donax	Cynodon donax (Linnaeus) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Donax arundinaceus	Donax arundinaceus Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 78, 152, 161. 1812.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Donax donax	Donax donax (Linnaeus) Ascherson & Graebner, Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 101. 1898, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Donax sativa	Donax sativa C. Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 32. 1820, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Donax arundinaceus Palisot de Beauvois 1812; Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Scolochloa arundinacea	Scolochloa arundinacea (Palisot de Beauvois) Mertens & W. D. J. Koch, in Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3. 1(2): 530. 1823, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Donax arundinaceus Palisot de Beauvois 1812; Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Scolochloa donax	Scolochloa donax (Linnaeus) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 1: 202. 1828.	BASIONYM: Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753.
Amphidonax benghalensis	Amphidonax benghalensis (Retzius) Roxburgh ex Nees von Esenbeck, in Lindley, Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2. 449. 1836.	BASIONYM: Arundo benghalensis Retzius 1788.
Arundo benghalensis	Arundo benghalensis Retzius, Observ. Bot. 5: 20. 1788 ("1789").		TYPE: INDIA:
Arundo bifaria	Arundo bifaria Retzius, Observ. Bot. 4: 21. 1786.		TYPE: INDIA:
Arundo donax var. angustifolia	Arundo donax Linnaeus, var. angustifolia Doell, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(3): 48. 1878.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Estrema, s.d., Pohl 3189 (holotype: W?).
Arundo donax var. lanceolata	Arundo donax Linnaeus, var. lanceolata Doell, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(3): 48. 1878.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Quinto near Rio de Janeiro, s.d., Glaziou 4334 (holotype: P?).
Arundo donax var. variegata	Arundo donax Linnaeus, var. variegata Vilmorin, Fl. Pl. Terre 90. 1863.		TYPE: FRANCE:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	30 Aug 1965	F. C. Craighead s.n.	Collected for the "Flora of Subtropical Flora"; Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	30 Aug 1965	F. C. Craighead s.n.	Collected for the "Flora of Subtropical Florida"; Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	10 Aug 1973	A.G. Shuey M1776
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	20 Aug 1965	O. K. Lakela 29109
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	20 Aug 1965	O. K. Lakela 29113	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	20 Aug 1965	O. K. Lakela	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	12 Sep 1979	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	11 Sep 1992	J. Weber CS0209
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	29 Jan 2004	A. Bishop WB0454	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	30 Oct 2002	P. L. Howell 592	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	30 Oct 2002	P. L. Howell 592	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	29 Jan 2004	A. Bishop WB0454	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Collier Co.	29 Jan 1998	R. A. Hattaway CS0276
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	02 Jun 2004	T. MacClendon 254
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	01 Mar 1970	P. Genelle 98	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	01 Mar 1970	P. Genelle 98	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	21 Dec 2005	J. M. Kunzer 1243
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	06 Oct 1965	O. K. Lakela 29226
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	26 Apr 1971	P. Genelle 698
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	19 Sep 2007	S. Dickman s.n.
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	22 Nov 1980	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	15 Nov 2010	P. A. Schmalzer 10-86
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	06 Sep 2009	C. vanHoek WW0085
USA	Florida	Bradford Co.	30 Dec 2011	D. H. Williams 2876	Sheet 1 of 2.
USA	Florida	Bradford Co.	30 Dec 2011	D. H. Williams 2876	Sheet 2 of 2.
USA	Florida	Nassau Co.	13 Jul 2012	S. Myers 605
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	02 Aug 2012	D. H. Williams 3230
USA	Florida	Osceola Co.	18 Nov 2012	D. H. Williams 3460
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	27 Jul 2014	A. R. Franck 3448
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	10 Nov 2014	T. MacClendon 1392
USA	Louisiana	Orleans Par.	22 Sep 1987	J. MacGregor 621	Top; Sheet 1 of 3.
USA	Louisiana	Orleans Par.	22 Sep 1987	J. MacGregor 621	Middle; Sheet 2 of 3.
USA	Louisiana	Orleans Par.	22 Sep 1987	J. MacGregor 621	Bottom; Sheet 3 of 3.
USA	Mississippi	Hinds Co.	16 Sep 1983	D. D. Taylor 5594
USA	Louisiana	Cameron Par.	03 Sep 1983	B. E. Dutton 342
USA	South Carolina	Lee Co.	04 Oct 1957	A. E. Radford 29484
USA	Georgia	Chatham Co.	08 Oct 1959	G. R. Swank 503	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	13 Oct 2015	P. L. Howell 1304
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	25 Oct 2015	P. L. Howell 1305
Italy			31 Dec 1991	J. Richard Abbott E-765
USA	Florida	Duval Co.	20 Sep 2016	J. Lemmons 4
USA	New Mexico	Dona Ana Co.	01 Sep 1930	F. R. Fosberg 53402

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.