Ilex opaca var. arenicola

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	AQUIFOLIACEAE
Species:	Ilex opaca Aiton var. arenicola (Ashe)Ashe
Common Name:	SCRUB HOLLY
Plant Notes:	Ilex arenicola was published in an August issue in 1924, while I. cumulicola was published in a September issue of the same year. Based on ITS sequence data, Germain-Aubrey et al. (2014) found support for a clade of I. cassine (incl. var. myrtifolia) sister to a clade of I. opaca (incl. var. arenicola). In another study, a specimen identified as I. cumulicola (provenance given as USA, voucher probably at G) was sister to a sample of I. rubra based on nuclear data, and sister to a sample of I. cassine based on plastid data (Manen et al. 2010).
Status:	Native, Endemic
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	AQUIFOLIALES
Family	AQUIFOLIACEAE
Genus	Ilex
Species	Ilex opaca Aiton var. arenicola (Ashe)Ashe - SCRUB HOLLY

Citation

Citation	ILEX OPACA Aiton, var. ARENICOLA (Ashe) Ashe, Quart. Charleston Mus. 1(2): 31. 1925.
Basionym:	Ilex arenicola Ashe 1924.
Type:	FLORIDA: Lake Co.: Near Astor Park, Apr 1923, Ashe s.n. (holotype: NCU?; isotypes: NY).

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Baker	FLAS
Clay	FLAS
DeSoto	USF
Flagler	USF
Glades	USF
Highlands	USF
Lake	USF
Madison	FSU
Manatee	USF
Marion	USF
Orange	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Seminole	USF
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Ilex arenicola	Ilex arenicola Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 44. 1924.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Lake Co.: Near Astor Park, Apr 1923, Ashe s.n. (holotype: NCU?; isotypes: NY).
Ilex arenicola forma oblanceolata	Ilex arenicola Ashe, forma oblanceolata McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 234. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Lake Marion, s.d., Poole 2 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex arenicola forma sebringensis	Ilex arenicola Ashe, forma sebringensis McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 18. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Highlands Co.: Sebring, 9 Jun 1931, McFarlin 5714 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex arenicola var. obovata	Ilex arenicola Ashe, var. obovata McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 234, pl. 226. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Lake Marion, s.d., McFarlin 4507 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex arenicola var. paucidens	Ilex arenicola Ashe, var. paucidens McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235, pl. 227. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Lake Marion, s.d., McFarlin 4501 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex arenicola var. transiens	Ilex arenicola Ashe, var. transiens McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235, pl. 228. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Deer Lake, Winter Haven, s.d., McFarlin 5174 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex cumulicola	Ilex cumulicola Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 382. 1924.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Highlands Co.: Lake Nancesowe (Lake Jackson), 25 Dec 1922, Small et al. 10752 (syntype: NY).
Ilex opaca subsp. arenicola	Ilex opaca Aiton, subsp. arenicola (Ashe) E. Murray, Kalmia 12: 21. 1982.	BASIONYM: Ilex arenicola Ashe 1924.
Ilex pygmaea	Ilex pygmaea McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 17. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Lake Marion, s.d., McFarlin 4508 (holotype: MICH).
Ilex pygmaea var. subedentata	Ilex pygmaea McFarlin, var. subedentata McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235, pl. 230. 1932.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Lake Marion, s.d., Poole 5 (holotype: MICH).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	13 Nov 1977	A.G. Shuey 2013
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	20 Oct 1960	J. D. Ray, Jr. 10522
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	03 Sep 1981	D. S. Correll 52420
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	26 Mar 1980	B. F. Hansen 6961
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	12 Nov 2004	J. M. Kunzer 744
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	16 Nov 1974	R. P. Wunderlin 5331
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	27 Oct 1978	S. P. Vander Kloet s.n.
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	27 Jul 1957	L. Melvin s.n.
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	18 Feb 1977	A.G. Shuey 1852
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	04 Sep 1965	R. F. Thorne 15241
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	01 May 1958	G. R. Cooley 6109
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	14 Jan 1962	O. K. Lakela 24893
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	05 Sep 1934	J. K. Small s.n.
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	18 Dec 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6551
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	28 Apr 1976	J. E. Poppleton 759
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	05 Sep 1934	J. K. Small s.n.
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	26 Apr 1961	J. D. Ray, Jr. 10707
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	05 Sep 1934	J. K. Small s.n.
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	03 Oct 1976	R. P. Wunderlin 5701
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	18 Dec 1978	R. P. Wunderlin 6548
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	26 Apr 2001	D. Stark LJ0057
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	24 Jun 1994	R. Owens SF0268
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	12 May 1979	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	20 Jan 2006	E. Jensen SF0352
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	08 May 1980	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	19 Jan 1990	R. P. Wunderlin 10391
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	26 Feb 1961	O. K. Lakela 23782
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	08 May 1972	W. Webb s.n.
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	16 Jan 1979	R. P. Wunderlin 6653
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	17 Dec 1981	D. S. Correll 53187
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	21 Jun 1979	B. F. Hansen 5796
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	23 Aug 1979	B. F. Hansen 6171
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	21 Mar 1979	D. Richardson 712
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	09 Nov 1990	S. L. Orzell 15801
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	04 Mar 1986	R. B. Huck 3527
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	25 Apr 1988	K. R. DeLaney 1644
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	25 Sep 1984	K. R. DeLaney 200
USA	Florida	Glades Co.	09 Dec 2009	A. R. Franck 1675
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	13 Oct 2014	R. Rowe HH0436
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	26 Sep 2015	S. Myers 1768
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	13 Jun 1963	C. F. Caudle 2663
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	30 Oct 1966	R. W. Long 6739
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	25 Sep 1929	M. Mulvania s.n.
USA	Florida	Orange Co.	23 Jun 1929	M. Mulvania s.n.
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	12 Sep 1929	M. Mulvania s.n.
USA	Florida	Flagler Co.	09 May 1959	C. E. Wood, Jr. 9326
USA	Florida	Lake and Sanders Co.	23 Apr 2019	M. Nee 64886	Voucher for wood specimens at Kw, Lw, MADw, MEXUw, RSAw.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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