Panicum amarum

Family:POACEAE
Species:Panicum amarum Elliott
Common Name:BITTER PANICGRASS
Status:Native, FAC (NWPL)
Specimen: View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order POALES
FamilyPOACEAE
Genus Panicum
Species Panicum amarum Elliott - BITTER PANICGRASS

Citation

Citation PANICUM AMARUM Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 121. 1816.
Basionym: **
Type: Without data, Elliott [?] s.n. (lectotype: PH). Lectotypified by P. G. Palmer, Brittonia 27: 148. 1975.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

CountyHerbariaLiterature Citation (If Applicable)
Bay USF  
Brevard USF  
Broward USF  
Charlotte USF  
Collier USF  
Duval USF  
Escambia FLAS  
Franklin USF  
Gulf FSU  
Hillsborough USF  
Lee USF  
Manatee USF  
Martin USF  
Miami-Dade FLAS  
Monroe Keys USF  
Monroe Mainland FLAS  
Nassau USF  
Okaloosa USF  
Palm Beach USF  
Pinellas USF  
Santa Rosa USF  
Sarasota USF  
St. Johns USF  
St. Lucie USF  
Taylor FSU  
Volusia USF  

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Chasea amara Chasea amara (Elliott) Nieuwland, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 64. 1911.BASIONYM: Panicum amarum Elliott 1816. 
Panicum amarulum Panicum amarulum Hitchcock & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 96. 1910. TYPE: VIRGINIA: Princess Anne Co.: Virginia Beach, 24 Sep 1900, Williams 3090 (holotype: US).
Panicum amarum subsp. amarulum Panicum amarum Elliott, subsp. amarulum (Hitchcock & Chase) Freckmann & Lelong, Sida 20: 171. 2002.BASIONYM: Panicum amarulum Hitchcock & Chase 1910. 
Panicum amarum var. amarulum Panicum amarum Elliott, var. amarulum (Hitchcock & Chase) P. G. Palmer, Brittonia 27: 149. 1975.BASIONYM: Panicum amarulum Hitchcock & Chase 1910. 
Panicum amaroides Panicum amaroides Lamson-Scribner & Merrill, Circ. Div. Agrostol., U.S.D.A. 29: 5. 1901.BASIONYM: Panicum amarum Elliott, var. minor Vasey & Lamson-Scribner 1889. 
Panicum amarum var. minor Panicum amarum Elliott, var. minor Vasey & Lamson-Scribner, in Vasey, Bull. Div. Agrostol., U.S.D.A. 8: 38. 1889. TYPE: VIRGINIA: Elizabeth City Co.: Fortress Monroe, 1879, Vasey s.n. (holotype: US).

Specimens

Country State County Date Specimen Notes Image
USA Florida Franklin Co. 15 Sep 1957 R. Kral 5819
USA Florida St. Johns Co. 18 Sep 1961 E. West 124
USA Florida Lee Co. 04 Dec 1966 O. K. Lakela 30394A
USA Florida Monroe Co. 13 Nov 1964 O. K. Lakela 27867
USA Florida Monroe Co. 27 Aug 1968 O. K. Lakela 31615
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 10 Sep 1963 O. K. Lakela 26272
USA Florida Monroe Co. 07 Aug 1966 R. W. Long 2145
USA Florida Manatee Co. 06 Oct 1964 O. K. Lakela 27603
USA Florida Volusia Co. 08 Feb 1974 J. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Nassau Co. 30 Jan 1973 J. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Duval Co. 17 Apr 1979 W. F. Grey s.n.
USA Florida Duval Co. 09 Sep 1980 D. W. Crewz 2098
USA Florida Bay Co. 22 Sep 1956 R. K. Godfrey 55086
USA Florida Volusia Co. 09 Oct 1966 R. W. Long 2308
USA Florida Franklin Co. 15 Sep 1957 R. Kral 5818
USA Florida Broward Co. 19 Oct 1985 B. F. Hansen 10613
USA Florida Brevard Co. 24 Aug 1975 J. E. Poppleton s.n.
USA Florida Broward Co. 01 Jul 2001 P. L. Howell 440
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 25 Aug 2008 C. vanHoek CI0178
USA Florida Brevard Co. 16 Oct 2002 T. MacClendon 112
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 01 Aug 1987 G. Fleming s.n.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 12 Aug 2003 S. W. Braem HI0157
USA Florida Lee Co. 28 Oct 1978 R. P. Wunderlin 6115
USA Florida Martin Co. 22 Oct 2002 S. W. Woodmansee 1015 Collected with permission from Martin County Parks and Recreation.
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 12 Dec 2002 A. Bishop AK0046
USA Florida Pinellas Co. 23 Sep 1979 G. Fleming 3187
USA Florida Palm Beach Co. 30 Sep 1962 O. K. Lakela 25430
USA Florida Nassau Co. 30 Jan 1973 J.M. Carlton s.n.
USA Florida Okaloosa Co. 22 Jun 1981 G. Wilhelm 9150
USA Florida Lee Co. 10 Oct 1977 W. C. Brumbach 9287
USA Florida Collier Co. 06 Sep 2006 E. Jensen DW0002
USA Florida Santa Rosa Co. 09 Sep 1977 D. W. Crewz 1170
USA Florida Lee Co. 19 Dec 1990 I. Phillips 74
USA Florida Sarasota Co. 30 Oct 2010 A. R. Franck 2426
USA Florida Franklin Co. 01 Oct 2011 W. D. Longbottom 16586
USA Florida St. Lucie Co. 14 Aug 2014 S. Myers 1398
USA Florida Brevard Co. 06 Oct 2014 P. A. Schmalzer 14-46
USA Georgia Chatham Co. 15 Aug 1959 G. R. Swank 97
USA Georgia Chatham Co. 03 Oct 1959 G. R. Swank 473
USA Georgia Chatham Co. 15 Aug 1959 G. R. Swank 98
USA Georgia Chatham Co. 29 Aug 1959 G. R. Swank 190
USA South Carolina Charleston Co. 12 Nov 1993 C. vanHoek 382
USA Mississippi Harrison Co. 11 Aug 1953 D. Demaree 33670
USA North Carolina Dare Co. 03 Aug 1966 A. E. Radford 45088
USA Louisiana Cameron Par. 03 Sep 1983 B. E. Dutton 287
USA North Carolina Wilson Co. 28 Jul 1958 A. E. Radford 37922
USA South Carolina Charleston Co. 25 Oct 1975 C. L. Rodgers 75461
USA South Carolina Georgetown Co. 19 Oct 1957 A. E. Radford 31268
USA North Carolina New Hanover Co. 28 Aug 1905 A. S. Hitchcock 43
USA Florida Lee Co. 01 Oct 2015 K. Schanzle CC0076
USA Virginia 02 Sep 1905 A. S. Hitchcock 44
USA Virginia Princess Anne Co. 08 Oct 1961 R. Kral 14373
USA Virginia Princess Anne Co. 24 Sep 1933 M. L. Fernald 2744
USA Virginia Princess Anne Co. 08 Oct 1961 R. Kral 14382
USA New Jersey Cape May Co. 20 Sep 1919 L. Griscom 1846
USA New York 04 Oct 1903 P. Dowell 2690
USA Virginia Princess Anne Co. 23 Sep 1933 M. L. Fernald 2743
USA Florida Charlotte Co. 09 Oct 1998 A. Peters GI0212
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Records per Page:
Listed Status: Florida
Listed Status: (Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered: A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened: Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.
 
Listed Status: US
Listed Status: US (U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered: Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened: Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
 
WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD: Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D: Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD: Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T: Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U: Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.
  • ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
  • Yes - Show results with WAP designations
  • No - Show results without WAP designations
 
FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council
FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

 
DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL: Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC: Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.
 
NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL: Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW: Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC: Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU: Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL: Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.
 
Category
Vascular: Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte: A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen: The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

 
State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

  • S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
  • S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
  • S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
  • S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
  • S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
  • SE - State exotic or non-native.
  • SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
  • SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
  • SNR - Not yet ranked.
  • SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.
 
Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

  • G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
  • G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
  • G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
  • G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
  • G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
  • GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
  • GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
  • GNR - Not yet ranked.
  • GX - Species believed to be extinct.
 
Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.