Aquilegia canadensis

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	RANUNCULACEAE
Species:	Aquilegia canadensis L.
Common Name:	WILD COLUMBINE
Status:	Native, Endangered-State, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	RANUNCULALES
Family	RANUNCULACEAE
Genus	Aquilegia
Species	Aquilegia canadensis L. - WILD COLUMBINE

Citation

Citation	AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 533. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	Without data (lectotype: LINN 699.7). Lectotypified by Munz, Gentes Herb. 7: 118. 1948.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Jackson	USF
Liberty	FSU
Washington	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Aquilegia australis	Aquilegia australis Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 466. 1898.		TYPE: FLORIDA: Jackson Co.: Marianna, s.d., Chapman s.n. (syntype: NY).
Aquilegia canadensis var. australis	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. australis (Small) Munz, Gentes Herb. 7: 122. 1946.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia australis Small 1898.
Aquilegia elegans	Aquilegia elegans Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 374. 1796, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus 1753.
Aquilegia variegata	Aquilegia variegata Moench, Methodus 311. 1794, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus 1753.
Aquilegia canadensis forma albiflora	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, forma albiflora House, Bull. New York State Mus. 243/244: 48. 1923.		TYPE: NEW YORK: Onandaga Co.: Near Syracuse, s.d., Goodrich s.n. (holotype: NYS).
Aquilegia canadensis forma ecalcarata	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, forma ecalcarata Livingston, Rhodora 69: 195. 1967.		TYPE: MASSACHUSETTS: Hampshire Co.: East Deerfield, ca. 1/4 mi. W of River Road, 1 1/2 mi. N of the Sunderland Bridge where it crosses the Connecticut River, 20 May 1964, Livingston 3291 (holotype: MASS).
Aquilegia canadensis forma flaviflora	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, forma flaviflora (Tenney) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 123. 1890.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia flaviflora Tenney 1867.
Aquilegia canadensis forma phippenii	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, forma phippenii (J. Robinson) R. Hoffmann, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 267. 1922.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. phippenii J. Robinson 1880.
Aquilegia canadensis var. coccinea	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. coccinea (Small) Munz, Gentes Herb. 7: 120. 1946.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia coccinea Small 1899.
Aquilegia canadensis var. eminens	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. eminens (Greene) B. Boivin, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 50: 510. 1953.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia eminens Greene 1914.
Aquilegia canadensis var. flaviflora	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. flaviflora (Tenney) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 97, 165. 1888.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia flaviflora Tenney 1867.
Aquilegia canadensis var. hybrida	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. hybrida Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 24. 1829.		TYPE: "Among the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52 and 55", without data, Drummond s.n. (holotype: K?).
Aquilegia canadensis var. latiuscula	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. latiuscula (Greene) Munz, Gentes Herb. 7: 122. 1946.	BASIONYM: Aquilegia latiuscula Greene 1914.
Aquilegia canadensis var. phippenii	Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, var. phippenii J. Robinson, Fl. Essex Co. 30. 1880.		TYPE: MASSACHUSETTS:
Aquilegia coccinea	Aquilegia coccinea Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 280. 1899.
Aquilegia eminens	Aquilegia eminens Greene, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 321. 1914.		TYPE: MINNESOTA:
Aquilegia flaviflora	Aquilegia flaviflora Tenney, Amer. Naturalist 1: 388. 1867.		TYPE: NEW YORK: Ulster Co.: Heights W of the Hudson opposite Poughkeepsie,
Aquilegia latiuscula	Aquilegia latiuscula Greene, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 320. 1914.		TYPE: KANSAS:
Aquilegia phoenicantha	Aquilegia phoenicantha Cory, Rhodora 38: 75. 1936.		TYPE: TEXAS: Real Co.: Limestone cliff along the Rio Frio above Leakey, 11 May 1934, Cory 8504 (holotype: GH).

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	15 Mar 1949	S. C. Hood 1558
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	22 Mar 1957	R. Kral 4263
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	02 Apr 1982	D. S. Correll 53571
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	12 Mar 2015	S. Myers 1661
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	06 Jul 1988	F. B. Essig 880406-4	CULTIVATED.
USA	Massachusetts	Essex Co.	02 Jun 1886	J. H. Sears 15	CULTIVATED. Seeds from Germany.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	15 Feb 1991	Kyle s.n.	CULTIVATED.
USA	Massachusetts	Essex Co.	02 Jun 1886	J. H. Sears 41	CULTIVATED. Seeds from Germany.
USA	North Carolina	Craven Co.	16 Apr 1932	C. A. Weatherby 6093
USA	North Carolina	Catawba Co.	11 May 1960	H. E. Ahles 53338
USA	North Carolina	Haywood Co.	05 Jun 1958	H. E. Ahles 42237
USA	Minnesota	Clearwater Co.	24 Jun 1997	S. B. Menke 6
USA	Pennsylvania	Northampton-Lehigh Co.	1838	J. Wolle
USA	West Virginia	Pendleton Co.	01 Jul 1959	G. B. Rossbach 1402
USA	West Virginia	Grant Co.	28 Apr 1957	R. L. Hetz
USA	Kentucky	Fayette Co.	26 May 1961	R. L. Vaughn 85
USA	Virginia	Princess Anne Co.	05 May 1935	M. L. Fernald 4404
USA	Minnesota	Cass Co.	09 Jun 1991	V. E. McNeilus 91-398
USA	Florida		25 May 1934	R. R. Armacost
USA	Illinois	Winnebago Co.	25 May 1995	S. R. Hill 26568
USA	Minnesota	Clearwater Co.	04 Jun 1999	V. E. McNeilus 99-304
USA	Kentucky	Pendleton Co.	21 May 1989	T. G. Lammers 6595
USA	Pennsylvania	Greene Co.	08 May 1985	S. A. Thompson 2331
USA	Virginia	Southampton Co.	01 May 1984	L. J. Musselman 6316
USA	New Hampshire	Strafford Co.	02 May 1991	S. Landry 11
USA	Massachusetts	Norfolk Co.	20 Jun 1890	T. O. Fuller
USA	New Jersey	Sussex Co.	31 May 1919	L. Griscom 9104
USA	New Jersey	Sussex Co.	01 Apr 1907	P. Dowell 4827
USA	Massachusetts	Hampshire Co.	11 May 1880	S. M. Holman, Jr.
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	17 May 2005	S. R. Hill 36279
USA	Indiana	Monroe Co.	04 May 1935	S. McCoy 3506
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	02 Jun 1908	R. C. Bean 2782
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	1883	M. Rodman
Canada	Ontario		08 Aug 1912	O. E. Jennings

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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