Quercus alba

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	FAGACEAE
Species:	Quercus alba L.
Common Name:	WHITE OAK
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FAGALES
Family	FAGACEAE
Genus	Quercus
Species	Quercus alba L. - WHITE OAK

Citation

Citation	QUERCUS ALBA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 996. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	VIRGINIA: Without data, Kalm s.n. (lectotype: LINN 1128.26). Lectotypified by Nixon & Barrie, in C. E. Jarvis, Order out of Chaos 783. 2007.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Bay	FSU
Calhoun	USF
Gadsden	USF
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	FLAS
Jefferson	USF
Leon	USF
Liberty	USF
Madison	FSU
Okaloosa	USF
Suwannee	FLAS
Taylor	FLAS
Wakulla	USF
Walton	USF
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Quercus alba forma pinnatifida	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma pinnatifida Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees 132. 1949, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. pinnatifida Michaux 1801, nom. inadmiss.; Quercus alba Linnaeus 1753.
Quercus alba var. pinnatifida	Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. pinnatifida Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 4. 1801, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus 1753.
Quercus alba forma heterophylla	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma heterophylla Ettingshausen & Krasan ex Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102, 103. 1924.
Quercus alba forma latiloba	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma latiloba (Sargent) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102, 103. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. latiloba Sargent 1918.
Quercus alba forma longigemma	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma longigemma Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 103. 1924.
Quercus alba forma microcarpa	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma microcarpa (Alph. de Candolle) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102, 103. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. microcarpa Alph. de Candolle 1864.
Quercus alba forma repanda	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma repanda (Michaux) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102, 103. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. repanda Michaux 1801.
Quercus alba forma ryderi	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma ryderi Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102. 1924.
Quercus alba forma sublyrata	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma sublyrata Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 103. 1924.		TYPE: MISSISSIPPI: Adams Co.: Natchez, s.d., Sterrett 11 (holotype: ILL?).
Quercus alba forma viridis	Quercus alba Linnaeus, forma viridis Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 102. 1924.
Quercus alba var. latiloba	Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. latiloba Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 65: 435. 1918.
Quercus alba var. microcarpa	Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. microcarpa Alph. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 22. 1864.		TYPE: MISSOURI: St. Louis Co.: Prope St. Louis, s.d., Engelmann s.n. (holotype: G-DC?).
Quercus alba var. repanda	Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. repanda Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 4, t. 5(2). 1801.		TYPE: "Carolina",
Quercus nigrescens	Quercus nigrescens Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 19. 1838.
Quercus repanda	Quercus repanda (Michaux) Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 19. 1838, non Humboldt & Bonpland 1809.	BASIONYM: Quercus alba Linnaeus, var. repanda Michaux 1801.
Quercus retusa	Quercus retusa Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 22. 1838.		TYPE: ALABAMA:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	17 Jul 1966	D. Laker s.n.
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	20 Apr 1975	J. E. Poppleton s.n.
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	26 May 2010	T. MacClendon 1022
USA	Florida	Wakulla Co.	Jun 1986	R. Giles s.n.
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	s.d.	R. D. Suttkus 72-7-19
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	15 May 1983	G. Wilhelm 11375
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	25 Jul 1956	R. K. Godfrey 54986
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	07 Jul 1986	B. F. Hansen 11011
USA	Florida	Wakulla Co.	25 May 2013	S. Myers 995
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	03 Aug 1977	P. Genelle 3041
USA	Tennessee	Dickinson Co.	02 Aug 1969	R. Kral 35913
USA	Alabama	Baldwin Co.	20 May 1981	G. Wilhelm 8950
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	08 Oct 1973	J. Dean 415
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	13 Apr 1970	M. Lowrey 277
USA	Alabama	Escambia Co.	27 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8236
USA	Alabama	Cleburne Co.	15 Sep 1983	R. D. Whetstone 884
USA	Louisiana	Winn Par.	08 Apr 1967	M. Weston 55
USA	Mississippi	Simpson Co.	10 May 1967	S. B. Jones 82773
USA	South Carolina	Anderson Co.	31 May 1956	A. E. Radford 13390
USA	Louisiana	Washington Par.	06 Jul 1964	D. Demaree 50731
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	03 Apr 1975	S. G. Bamburg 144
USA	Wisconsin	Pepin Co.	23 Sep 1976	B. F. Hansen 4592
USA	Ohio	Erie Co.	09 Jul 1910	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Pennsylvania	Allegheny Co.	26 Oct 1935	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Bristol Co.	29 May 1902	C. Blomberg s.n.
USA	Illinois	DuPage Co.	08 Sep 1967	D. J. Keil 2543
USA	Wisconsin	Waushara Co.	15 Sep 1979	T. Underwood 1277
USA	Louisiana	Bossier Par.	02 Oct 1965	J. W. Thieret 21088
USA	West Virginia	Monongalia Co.	26 Oct 1954	E. A. Bartholomew s.n.
USA	Oklahoma	Delaware Co.	16 Oct 1958	C. S. Wallis 8039
USA	Pennsylvania	Butler Co.	20 May 1939	L. K. Henry 695
USA	West Virginia	Barbour Co.	25 Aug 1958	K. Nestor s.n.
USA	Kentucky	Metcalfe Co.	15 Jul 1961	E. M. Browne 4548
USA	Illinois	Kane Co.	25 Aug 2005	S. R. Hill 36626
USA	Massachusetts	Worcester Co.	22 Sep 1938	G. W. Turesson 976
USA	Rhode Island	Washington Co.	04 Jul 1968	E. Simpson 285
USA	Maine	Androscoggin Co.	1908	K. Furbish s.n.
USA	Illinois	Ogle Co.	05 Aug 2012	P. D. Sorensen 12-33
USA	Illinois	La Salle Co.	28 Jul 2003	S. R. Hill 35345
USA	Illinois	Kendall Co.	01 Sep 2005	S. R. Hill 36660
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	03 Oct 1909	M. L. Farmaed s.n.
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	1883	M. Rodman s.n.
USA	Maryland	Caroline Co.	07 Aug 2010	W. D. Longbottom 14047
USA	New Jersey		20 Jul 1956	J. W. Andersen 746
USA	New York	Nassau Co.	2 Jun 2017	S. Myers 1939
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	12 Jun 1964	C. F. Caudle 5415
USA	Georgia	Murray Co.	03 Jun 1944	M. H. Berry s.n.
USA	Rhode Island	Washington Co.	26 Jun 1968	M. L. Gilbert 148

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.