Rosa carolina

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

Browse Photos

Consortia links

Image searches

Family:	ROSACEAE
Species:	Rosa carolina L.
Common Name:	CAROLINA ROSE
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	ROSALES
Family	ROSACEAE
Genus	Rosa
Species	Rosa carolina L. - CAROLINA ROSE

Citation

Citation	ROSA CAROLINA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 492. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	SOUTH CAROLINA: Without data (lectotype: Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: t. 245(316). 1732). Lectotypified by Heath, Calyx 2: 51, 80. 1992.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Clay	USF
Jackson	FSU
Leon	USF
Liberty	NY

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Rosa serrulata	Rosa serrulata Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 218. 1820.
Rosa carolina forma glandulosa	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, forma glandulosa (Crepin) Fernald, Rhodora 50: 145. 1948.	BASIONYM: Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, var. glandulosa Crepin 1876.
Rosa carolina forma triloba	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, forma triloba (S. Watson) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees 305. 1949.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. triloba S. Watson 1889.
Rosa carolina var. deamii	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. deamii (Erlanson) Deam, Fl. Indiana 576. 1940.	BASIONYM: Rosa deamii Erlanson 1928.
Rosa carolina var. glandulosa	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. glandulosa (Crepin) Farwell, Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 366. 1920.	BASIONYM: Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, var. glandulosa Crepin 1876.
Rosa carolina var. grandiflora	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. grandiflora (Baker ex Wilmott) Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991. 1916.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. grandiflora Baker ex Wilmott 1916.
Rosa carolina var. lyonii	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. lyonii (Pursh) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 571. 1935.	BASIONYM: Rosa lyonii Pursh 1814.
Rosa carolina var. obovata	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. obovata (Rafinesque) Deam, Fl. Indiana 576. 1940.	BASIONYM: Rosa obovata Rafinesque 1820.
Rosa carolina var. sabulosa	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. sabulosa Erlanson, Rhodora 30: 118. 1928.		TYPE: INDIANA: Lake Co.: Pine (now Clark) Street, Gary, 11 Aug 1923, Deam 39461 (holotype: MICH).
Rosa carolina var. triloba	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. triloba (S. Watson) Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991. 1916.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. triloba S. Watson 1889.
Rosa carolina var. villosa	Rosa carolina Linnaeus, var. villosa (Best) Rehder, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991. 1916.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. villosa Best 1887.
Rosa deamii	Rosa deamii Erlanson, Rhodora 30: 120. 1928.		TYPE: INDIANA: Tipton Co.: 1.5 mi. W of Goldsmith along Nickel Plate RR, 17 Sep 1923, Deam 39818 (lectotype: IND; isolectotypes: IND, MICH, MO). Lectotypified by W. H. Lewis et al., Novon 22: 36. 2012.
Rosa humilis	Rosa humilis Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 136. 1785.
Rosa humilis var. grandiflora	Rosa humilis Marshall, var. grandiflora Baker ex Wilmott, Genus Rosa 207. 1911.
Rosa humilis var. parviflora	Rosa humilis Marshall, var. parviflora (Ehrhart) Ehrhart ex Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. 293. 1893.	BASIONYM: Rosa parviflora Ehrhart 1789.
Rosa humilis var. triloba	Rosa humilis Marshall, var. triloba S. Watson, Gard. & Forest 2: 76, f. 93. 1889.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA:
Rosa humilis var. villosa	Rosa humilis Marshall, var. villosa Best, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 256. 1887.		TYPE: NEW JERSEY:
Rosa laxa	Rosa laxa Lindley, Ros. Monogr. 18. 1820, non Retzius 1803.
Rosa lindleyi	Rosa lindleyi Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 547. 1825.	BASIONYM: Rosa laxa Lindley 1820, non Retzius 1803.
Rosa lyonii	Rosa lyonii Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 345. 1814.		TYPE: TENNESSEE:
Rosa obovata	Rosa obovata Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 217. 1820.
Rosa parviflora	Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, Beitr. Naturk. 4: 21. 1789.
Rosa parviflora var. glandulosa	Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, var. glandulosa Crepin, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 15: 68. 1876.
Rosa parviflora var. vulgaris	Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, var. vulgaris Crepin, Bull. Soc. Roy Bot. Belgique 15: 68. 1876, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Rosa parviflora Ehrhart 1789.
Rosa pensylvanica	Rosa pensylvanica Wangenheim, Beytr. Teut. Forstwiss. 113. 1787.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA:
Rosa pratensis	Rosa pratensis Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 215. 1820.
Rosa pusilla	Rosa pusilla Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 220. 1820.
Rosa virginiana subsp. humilis	Rosa virginiana Miller, subsp. humilis (Marshall) C. K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 570. 1905.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall 1785.
Rosa virginiana subvar. villosa	Rosa virginiana Miller, subvar. villosa (Best) Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 33. 1926.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. villosa Best 1887.
Rosa virginiana var. glandulosa	Rosa virginiana Miller, var. glandulosa (Crepin) Farwell, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 26. 1923.	BASIONYM: Rosa parviflora Ehrhart, var. glandulosa Crepin 1876.
Rosa virginiana var. grandiflora	Rosa virginiana Miller, var. grandiflora (Baker ex Wilmott) Bean, Trees Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 447. 1914.	BASIONYM: Rosa humilis Marshall, var. grandiflora Baker ex Wilmott 1911.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Louisiana	Grant Par.	06 May 1955	G. R. Cooley 4207
USA	South Carolina	Pickens Co.	24 May 1987	S. R. Hill 18022
USA	Louisiana	Ouachita Par.	07 Sep 1983	D. D. Taylor 5550
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	19 May 1977	P. Genelle 2814
USA	Georgia	Hall Co.	26 Jul 1955	W. H. Duncan 19201
USA	Louisiana	Claiborne Par.	16 May 1977	C. M. Allen 8117
USA	Louisiana	Union Par.	02 Jun 1979	C. M. Allen 8789
USA	Arkansas	Cleveland Co.	06 May 1955	G. R. Cooley 4193
USA	Georgia	Fulton Co.	27 Jun 1964	P. O. Schallert 6507
USA	Tennessee	Marshall Co.	02 Jun 1969	R. Kral 34771
USA	South Carolina	Fairfield Co.	17 Sep 1957	R. C. Bell 9919
USA	Mississippi	Lowndes Co.	06 May 1957	J. D. Ray, Jr. 8205
USA	North Carolina	Orange Co.	14 Jun 1965	M. G. Ford 84
USA	Kentucky	Mercer Co.	25 Jun 1956	D. M. Smith s.n.
USA	Illinois	McDonough Co.	01 Jul 1974	R. M. Myers 4542
USA	Ohio	Ottawa Co.	16 Jul 1910	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Ohio	Erie Co.	09 Jul 1910	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Oklahoma	Pawnee Co.	20 May 1975	R. J. Tyrl 978
USA	Indiana	Porter Co.	17 Jul 1935	R. M. Tryon 1417
USA	Illinois	DeKalb Co.	02 Oct 1991	D. Landolt 176
USA	Ohio	Erie Co.	15-19 Jul 1907	O. E. Jennings s.n.
USA	Maine	York Co.	30 Jun 1902	F. T. Hubbard s.n.
USA	West Virginia	Pocahontas Co.	26 Jun 1955	R. B. Clarkson 559
USA	Kansas	Cherokee Co.	04 Jun 1980	R. L. McGregor 31767
USA	Illinois	Washington Co.	09 Jul 1996	S. R. Hill 28417
USA	Kentucky	Pulaski Co.	01 Jun 1991	J. R. Abbott 442
USA	Illinois	Lawrence Co.	16 May 2012	S. R. Hill 38855
USA	Illinois	Kendall Co.	23 Jun 2005	S. R. Hill 36408
USA	Kentucky	Pulaski Co.	02 Jul 1992	J. R. Abbott 2863
USA	Vermont	Chittenden Co.	05 Jul 1942	L. A. Charette 547
USA	Pennsylvania	Westmoreland Co.	21 Jun 1937	L. K. Henry 607
USA	New York	Washington Co.	23 Jul 1909	L. A. Wheeler s.n.
USA	Vermont	Rutland Co.	25 Aug 1937	C. H. Knowlton s.n.
USA	Maine	Franklin Co.	15 Jul 1907	C. H. Knowlton s.n.
USA	Maine	Kennebec Co.	22 Jul 1915	R. C. Bean 15468
USA	Massachusetts	Middlesex Co.	19 Jun 1921	R. J. Eaton s.n.
USA	Virginia	Culpeper Co.	30 May 1978	J. Adams s.n.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Search Help

Select the criterion by which you wish to search (Scientific name, Genus, Family, etc.) and enter that information into the provided field.

Hint: Correct spelling is necessary for desired results, but because this function is a string search the full name need not be entered. Any correct part of a taxon name can be entered and a choice of the correct one made from the small list of resulting matches.

For example, matching the full name exactly in a Scientific Name search for Piptochaetium avenacioides may be difficult, but strings of either tium aven or avenaci or m avenac or pipto will all result in very small lists of matches. The intended name can then be chosen from any of those lists. Usually, the last letter (or two) of a given genus, a space, and the first few correct letters of the specific epithet will provide a sufficiently short list containing the desired taxon.

A similar example in a Common Name search is Virginia snakeroot. Searching using "snake root" will yield no results due to the extra space, but searching "snake" will generate a short list of plants with the word "snake" in the common name. Furthermore, a search of "Virginia snake" or even "nia snak" yields one result: Virginia snakeroot.

If, after following the above advice, then difficulties are still encountered please use the "browse" feature.

Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.