Thunbergia alata

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	ACANTHACEAE
Species:	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims
Common Name:	BLACKEYED SUSAN VINE
Status:	Not Native, UPL (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	LAMIALES
Family	ACANTHACEAE
Genus	Thunbergia
Species	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims - BLACKEYED SUSAN VINE

Citation

Citation	THUNBERGIA ALATA Bojer ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2591. 1825.
Basionym:	**
Type:	**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
DeSoto	USF
Hernando	USF
Highlands	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Leon	FSU
Manatee	USF
Marion	USF
Martin	FTG
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Orange	PIHG
Osceola	PIHG
Palm Beach	FLAS
Pasco	USF
Pinellas	USF
Polk	USF
Sarasota	USF
Seminole	USF
St. Lucie	FLAS
Volusia	USF

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Endomelas alata	Endomelas alata (Bojer ex Sims) Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 4: 67. 1838 ("1836").	BASIONYM: Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims 1825.
Thunbergia alata subvar. doddsii	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, subvar. doddsii (Paxton) Hasselbring, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3338. 1917.	BASIONYM: Thunbergia doddsii Paxton 1849.
Thunbergia alata var. alba	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. alba Paxton, Mag. Bot. 3: 28. 1837.
Thunbergia alata var. albiflora	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. albiflora Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 500. 1891, non Hooker 1840.		TYPE: TRINIDAD:
Thunbergia alata var. albiflora	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. albiflora Hooker, Bot. Mag. 63: t. 3512. 1836.
Thunbergia alata var. aurantiaca	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. aurantiaca Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 500. 1891.		TYPE: PUERTO RICO:
Thunbergia alata var. bakeri	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. bakeri Hasselbring, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3338. 1917.	BASIONYM: Thunbergia backeri Vilmorin 1866.
Thunbergia alata var. fryeri	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. fryeri (Vilmorin) Hasselbring, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3338. 1917.	BASIONYM: Thunbergia fryeri Vilmorin 1863.
Thunbergia alata var. lutea	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. lutea Hasselbring, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3338. 1917.
Thunbergia alata var. minor	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. minor S. Moore, J. Bot. 39: 300. 1901.		TYPE: KENYA: Mombasa, s.d., Taylor s.n. (holotype: BM).
Thunbergia alata var. retinervia	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. retinervia Burkill, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6: 17. 1900.
Thunbergia alata var. sulphurea	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. sulphurea Hasselbring, in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3338. 1917.
Thunbergia alata var. vixalata	Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. vixalata Burkill, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 17. 1900.	BASIONYM: Thunbergia fuscata T. Anderson 1893.
Thunbergia albiflora	Thunbergia albiflora (Hooker) Gordon, Gard. Chron. 1845: 169. 1845.	BASIONYM: Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims, var. albiflora Hooker 1836.
Thunbergia aurantiaca	Thunbergia aurantiaca Paxton, Mag. Bot. 6: 269. 1839.
Thunbergia backeri	Thunbergia backeri Vilmorin, Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 2. 919. 1866.
Thunbergia bikimaensis	Thunbergia bikimaensis De Wildeman, Pl. Bequaert. 1: 446. 1922.		TYPE: CONGO-KINSHASA: Bikima (Mboga), 16 Mar 1914, Bequaert 2998 (holotype: BR; isotype: BR).
Thunbergia delamerei	Thunbergia delamerei S. Moore, J. Bot. 38: 205. 1900.		TYPE: KENYA: Northern Frontier Distr.: Lake Marsabit, s.d., Delamere s.n. (holotype: BM).
Thunbergia doddsii	Thunbergia doddsii Paxton, Mag. Bot. 15: t. 221. 1849.
Thunbergia fryeri	Thunbergia fryeri Vilmorin, Fl. Pleine Terre 876. 1863.
Thunbergia fuscata	Thunbergia fuscata T. Anderson, in Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(Beibl. 41): 40. 1893.		TYPE: MALAWI: Manganja Hills, s.d., Meller s.n. (holotype: B(destr.); isotype: K).
Thunbergia kamatembica	Thunbergia kamatembica Mildbraed, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 17: 84. 1943.		TYPE: CONGO-KINSHASA: Kamatembe, s.d., de Witte 1589 (holotype: BR).
Thunbergia manganjensis	Thunbergia manganjensis T. Anderson ex Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 92. 1893.		TYPE: MALAWI: Manganja Hills, s.d., Kirk s.n. (holotype: B(destr.); isotype: K).
Thunbergia nymphaeifolia	Thunbergia nymphaeifolia Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 184. 1902.		TYPE: TANZANIA:
Thunbergia oculata	Thunbergia oculata S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 269. 1908.		TYPE: UGANDA/CONGO KINSHASA: Ruwenzori Mountains, s.d., Wollaston s.n. (holotype: BM).
Valentiana volubilis	Valentiana volubilis Rafinesque, Specchio Sci. 1: 87. 1814.		TYPE: ETHIOPIA: Without data, Salt s.n. (neotype: BM). Neotypified by Friis, Taxon 35: 360. 1986.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	24 Oct 1978	A. Fulton 247
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	04 Nov 2004	P. A. Schmalzer 04-645
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	19 May 2005	C. vanHoek HR0236
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	06 Dec 2005	C. Olson HH0369
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	19 Feb 2003	A. Bishop HH0252
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	01 Oct 1991	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	DeSoto Co.	29 Nov 1962	D. B. Ward 3199
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	23 Nov 1973	A.G. Shuey M1503
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	14 Jul 2003	P. L. Howell 709
USA	Florida	Volusia Co.	08 Mar 2004	J. M. Kunzer 493
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	08 Mar 1970	P. Genelle 115
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	07 Mar 1959	G. R. Cooley 6354
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	21 Apr 1963	D. B. Ward 3471
USA	Florida	Sarasota Co.	28 Nov 1962	D. B. Ward 3102
USA	Florida	Brevard Co.	23 Nov 1973	A.G. Shuey s.n.
USA	Florida	Pinellas Co.	30 Nov 1981	J. Beckner 2542
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	04 Oct 1959	J. D. Ray, Jr. s.n.
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	09 Feb 2012	D. H. Williams 2947
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	02 Dec 1973	L. Baltzell 5667
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	14 Jan 1994	M. Woernle 11	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	18 Sep 1990	D. M. Hart s.n.	CULTIVATED.
USA	Florida	Seminole Co.	15 May 2012	D. H. Williams 3153	CULTIVATED.
Puerto Rico		Comerío Mun.	25 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 9371
St. Vincent & the Grenadines	St. Vincent	St. David Par.	28 Mar 1962	G. R. Cooley 8563
Jamaica	Surrey Co.	St. Andrew Par.	13 Jun 1963	M. R. Crosby 134
Jamaica	Middlesex Co.	St. Ann Par.	20-31 Dec 1953	R. A. Howard 13469
Jamaica		St. Thomas Par.	14 May 1970	M. Meagher 156
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	16 Mar 2017	A. Onisko s.n.
USA	Florida	Highlands Co.	28 Mar 1964	C. F. Caudle 4544
Brazil			10 Jan 1971	P. J. M. Maas 482
Uganda			Oct 1938	J. E. Tothill s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	06 Feb 2008	S.W. Braem KS0140
Panama	Los Santos Prov.		14 Jul 1967	J. A. Duke 12482(6)
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		16 Mar 1985	C. Carrasco 138
Mexico	Veracruz		24 Mar 1970	R. W. Long 3118
Honduras	Cortés Dept.		20 Apr 1985	C. Bendeck 129
Venezuela	Distrito Federal		05 Oct 1971	R. W. Long 3500
Honduras	Ocotepeque Dept.		19 Apr 1984	L. Morales R. 175
Honduras	Cortés Dept.		20 Apr 1985	C. Bendeck 129
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		03 Feb 1985	C. Sherman 152
Honduras	Francisco Morazán Dept.		18 Feb 1984	J. M. Berríos 147
El Salvador	San Salvador Dept.		24 Oct 1957	L. González 1757
Mexico	Veracruz	Cuitláhuac Mun.	03 Jul 1980	B. F. Hansen 7545
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	23 Feb 2016	T. Telatycki TC0073
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	17 Apr 1961	M. Hudson 61,144

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

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Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

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