Urochloa ramosa

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	POACEAE
Species:	Urochloa ramosa (L.)T.Q.Nguyen
Common Name:	BROWNTOP MILLET; DIXIE SIGNALGRASS
Status:	Not Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	POALES
Family	POACEAE
Genus	Urochloa
Species	Urochloa ramosa (L.)T.Q.Nguyen - BROWNTOP MILLET; DIXIE SIGNALGRASS

Citation

Citation	UROCHLOA RAMOSA (Linnaeus) T.Q.Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast 1966: 13. 1966.
Basionym:	Panicum ramosum Linnaeus 1767.
Type:	INDIA: Cult. at Uppsala (lectotype: LINN 80.44). Lectotypified by Cope, in Nasir & Ali, Fl. Pakistan 142: 207. 1982.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Bay	FSU
Broward	USF
Calhoun	USF
Citrus	USF
Collier	FTG
Escambia	USF
Franklin	FSU
Gadsden	USF
Gilchrist	USF
Gulf	FSU
Hamilton	USF
Hernando	USF
Highlands	FTG
Hillsborough	USF
Holmes	USF
Jackson	USF
Jefferson	FSU
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	FLAS
Liberty	USF
Madison	FSU-Lit	Lit-FSU: L. C. Anderson, Sida 10: 296. 1984.
Manatee	USF
Marion	USF
Miami-Dade	FTG
Monroe Mainland	NY
Okaloosa	USF
Osceola	USF
Pasco	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	USF
Santa Rosa	UWFP
St. Johns	USF
St. Lucie	USF
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	USF
Washington	FLAS

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Brachiaria ramosa	Brachiaria ramosa (Linnaeus) Stapf, in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 542. 1919.	BASIONYM: Panicum ramosum Linnaeus 1767.
Echinochloa ramosa	Echinochloa ramosa (Linnaeus) Roberty, Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afrique Noire, Ser. A, Sci. Nat. 17: 64. 1955.	BASIONYM: Panicum ramosum Linnaeus 1767.
Panicum ramosum	Panicum ramosum Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 29. 1767.		TYPE: INDIA: Cult. at Uppsala (lectotype: LINN 80.44). Lectotypified by Cope, in Nasir & Ali, Fl. Pakistan 142: 207. 1982.
Brachiaria regularis var. nidulans	Brachiaria regularis (Nees von Esenbeck) Stapf, var. nidulans (Mez) Taeckholm, Bull. Fac. Sci. Egypt. Univ. 17: 432. 1941.	BASIONYM: Panicum nidulans Mez 1904.
Panicum arvense	Panicum arvense Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 391, t. 109. 1831.		TYPE: SENEGAL:
Panicum brachylachnum	Panicum brachylachnum Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853.		TYPE: SENEGAL: Without data, Leprieur s.n. (holotype: P).
Panicum breviradiatum	Panicum breviradiatum Hochstetter, Flora 38: 195. 1855.		TYPE: ETHIOPIA: Without data, Schimper in Buchinger 1513 (holotype: ?; isotype: P).
Panicum canescens	Panicum canescens Roth ex Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 457. 1817.
Panicum cognatissimum	Panicum cognatissimum Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 69. 1853.		TYPE: SENEGAL/GAMBIA: Without data, Leprieur s.n. (holotype: P).
Panicum nidulans	Panicum nidulans Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 136. 1904.		TYPE: SUDAN:
Panicum pallidum	Panicum pallidum Peter, Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., ser. 2. 13(2): 45. 1928.		TYPE: TANZANIA: Pare Distr.: Makanya, s.d., Peter 12274 (holotype: B(destroyed)).
Panicum petiveri var. puberulum	Panicum peteveri Trinius, var. puberulum Chiovenda, Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 302. 1907.		TYPE: ETHIOPIA:
Panicum sorghum	Panicum sorghum Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 58. 1853.		TYPE: EGYPT:
Panicum supervacuum	Panicum supervacuum C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 407. 1888.		TYPE: INDIA: Bengal:

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	09 Oct 1972	A. K. Gholson s.n.
USA	Florida	St. Lucie Co.	05 Aug 1998	K. A. Bradley 1180
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	30 Apr 1992	A. Peters GI0025
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	05 Jul 1979	B. F. Hansen 5937
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	07 Oct 1984	R. P. Wunderlin 9814
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	09 Aug 1979	B. F. Hansen 6136
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	16 Aug 1983	G. Wilhelm 11712
USA	Florida	Gilchrist Co.	25 Oct 1985	B. F. Hansen 10769
USA	Florida	Citrus Co.	26 Jul 1985	J. Brooks s.n.
USA	Florida	Osceola Co.	26 Sep 1985	R. P. Wunderlin 10024
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	27 Aug 2008	C. Slaughter 16849
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	29 Oct 1983	A. Parker 1758
USA	Florida	Hernando Co.	06 Nov 1981	B. F. Hansen 8974
USA	Florida	Pasco Co.	21 Aug 2003	C. vanHoek WB0437
USA	Florida	Broward Co.	24 Sep 2007	P. L. Howell 1028
USA	Florida	Putnam Co.	14 Nov 2001	C. Slaughter 12868
USA	Florida	Gadsden Co.	09 Oct 1972	A. K. Gholson s.n.
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	24 Nov 2006	C. Slaughter 15171
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	29 Jun 1981	G. Wilhelm 9398
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	24 Nov 1980	G. Wilhelm 8044
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	27 Aug 1981	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Lake Co.	17 Oct 1989	R. F. Daubenmire s.n.
USA	Florida	Lee Co.	08 Jul 1979	W. C. Brumbach 9507
USA	Florida	Alachua Co.	09 Aug 1999	W. K. Taylor s.n.
USA	Florida	Miami-Dade Co.	23 Nov 1976	G. N. Avery 1687
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	01 Sep 1987	B. F. Hansen 11462
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	11 Oct 1950	Sherouse 1718
USA	Florida	Holmes Co.	28 Sep 1981	B. F. Hansen 8942
USA	Florida	Hillsborough Co.	04 Jun 2007	C. vanHoek HR0503
USA	Florida	Okaloosa Co.	14 Sep 1981	R. P. Sauleda 6804
USA	Florida	Manatee Co.	17 Jun 1975	A.G. Shuey 2038
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	18 Jul 1986	R. P. Wunderlin 10233
USA	Florida	Hamilton Co.	19 Sep 2008	B. F. Hansen 13511
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	20 Oct 2012	T. MacClendon 1214
USA	Louisiana	East Baton Rouge Par.	27 Aug 2003	L. E. Urbatsch 8433
USA	South Carolina	Hampton Co.	22 Jul 1960	G. R. Swank 1008
USA	North Carolina	Orange Co.	12 Oct 1966	A. E. Radford 45336
USA	South Carolina	Jasper Co.	27 Sep 1959	G. R. Swank 433
USA	South Carolina	Hampton Co.	09 Sep 1956	H. E. Ahles 18232
USA	South Carolina	Orangeburg Co.	26 Sep 1957	H. E. Ahles 35117
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	26 Jun 1943	H. Kurz 1354
USA	Florida	St. Johns Co.	02 Aug 2017	E. A. Revuelta 117
USA	Florida	Escambia Co.	15 Aug 2015	J. R. Burkhalter 25420
USA	South Carolina	Richland Co.	2008-2009	R. Hughes 165

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.