Quercus falcata

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens from wild populations. Cultivated occurrences are not mapped. View county names by placing the cursor over the map.

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Family:	FAGACEAE
Species:	Quercus falcata Michx.
Common Name:	SPANISH OAK; SOUTHERN RED OAK
Status:	Native, FACU (NWPL)
Specimen:	View details of USF Herbarium specimens

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Division
Class
Sub Class
Order	FAGALES
Family	FAGACEAE
Genus	Quercus
Species	Quercus falcata Michx. - SPANISH OAK; SOUTHERN RED OAK

Citation

Citation	QUERCUS FALCATA Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 16, t. 28. 1801.
Basionym:	**
Type:	"Virginie jusqu'á la Floride"

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	USF
Calhoun	USF
Columbia	FSU
Duval	USF
Escambia	UWFP
Franklin	USF
Gadsden	FSU
Gulf	FSU
Hamilton	FLAS
Holmes	FSU
Jackson	USF
Jefferson	USF
Leon	USF
Levy	USF
Liberty	USF
Madison	USF
Marion	USF
Nassau	FLAS
Okaloosa	FSU
Polk	USF
Santa Rosa	UWFP
Taylor	FSU
Wakulla	FSU
Walton	USF
Washington	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Quercus cuneata var. falcata	Quercus cuneata Wangenheim, var. falcata (Michaux) Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 113. Nov 1891.	BASIONYM: Quercus falcata Michaux 1801.
Quercus digitata	Quercus digitata (Marshall) Sudworth, Garden & Forest 5: 99. 1892.	BASIONYM: Quercus nigra Linnaeus, var. digitata Marshall 1785.
Quercus falcata forma triloba	Quercus falcata Michaux, forma triloba (Michaux) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 518. 1935.	BASIONYM: Quercus triloba Michaux 1801.
Quercus falcata var. triloba	Quercus falcata Michaux, var. triloba (Michaux) Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 214. 1818.	BASIONYM: Quercus triloba Michaux 1803.
Quercus falcata var. typica	Quercus falcata Michaux, var. typica A. Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 38. 1939, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Quercus falcata Michaux 1801.
Quercus nigra var. digitata	Quercus nigra Linnaeus, var. digitata Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 121. 1785.
Quercus nigra var. falcata	Quercus nigra Linnaeus, var. falcata (Michaux) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 642. 5 Nov 1891.	BASIONYM: Quercus falcata Michaux 1801.
Quercus nigra var. triloba	Quercus nigra Linnaeus, var. triloba (Michaux) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 641. 1891.	BASIONYM: Quercus triloba Michaux 1801.
Quercus rubra forma falcata	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma falcata (Michaux) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201, 202. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus falcata Michaux 1801.
Quercus rubra forma triloba	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma triloba (Michaux) Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201. 1924.	BASIONYM: Quercus triloba Michaux 1801.
Quercus rubra var. triloba	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, var. triloba (Michaux) Ashe, Proc. Soc. Amer. Forest. 11: 90. 1916.	BASIONYM: Quercus triloba Michaux 1801.
Quercus triloba	Quercus triloba Michaux, Hist. Chênes Amér. no. 14, t. 26. 1801.
Quercus aurea	Quercus aurea Rafinesque, Alsogr. Amer. 20. 1838.		TYPE: "Arkanzas and Texas",
Quercus elongata	Quercus elongata Muhlenberg, in Muhlenberg & Willdenow, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 400. 1801.
Quercus falcata forma angustior	Quercus falcata Michaux, forma angustior E. J. Palmer & Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 771. 1938.		TYPE: MISSOURI: Oregon Co.: Along Eleven Points River, 0.5 mi. N of McCormack Hollow, 3 mi. N of Greer, 27 Jul 1936, Steyermark 12318 (holotype: MO).
Quercus falcata var. ludoviciana	Quercus falcata Michaux, var. ludoviciana Alph. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 59. 1864.		TYPE: LOUISIANA:
Quercus hypophaeos	Quercus hypophaeos Petzold, in Petzold & Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav. 656. 1864.
Quercus joorii	Quercus joorii Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 15. 1924, pro hybr.		TYPE: TEXAS: Galveston Co.: Galveston, 25 Sep 1884, Joor s.n. (holotype: ?).
Quercus nobilis	Quercus nobilis K. Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 65. 1873.		TYPE: Cult. in Netherlands,
Quercus rubra forma cuneata	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma cuneata Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201, 202. 1924.
Quercus rubra forma houbae	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma houbae Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201, 202. 1924.
Quercus rubra forma juvenilis	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma juvenilis Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201, 202. 1924.
Quercus rubra forma obovata	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, forma obovata Trelease, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201, 202. 1924.
Quercus rubra var. montana	Quercus rubra Linnaeus, var. montana Marshall, Arbust. Amer. 123. 1785.

Specimens

Country	State	County	Date	Specimen	Notes
USA	Florida	Leon Co.	17 Jul 1966	D. Laker s.n.
USA	Florida	Jackson Co.	17 Oct 1958	R. K. Godfrey 57851
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	31 Mar 1958	R. K. Godfrey 56321
USA	Florida	Walton Co.	24 Nov 1981	G. Wilhelm 9742
USA	Florida	Jefferson Co.	20 Apr 1975	J. E. Poppleton s.n.
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	26 Aug 1997	K. Gulledge 442
USA	Florida	Levy Co.	11 Mar 1997	K. Gulledge 277
USA	Florida	Duval Co.	28 Jul 2009	C. Slaughter 17338
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	19 Jul 1981	J. Beckner 2506
USA	Florida	Marion Co.	18 Jul 1985	R. P. Wunderlin 9972
USA	Florida	Calhoun Co.	13 Apr 2007	T. MacClendon 599
USA	Florida	Madison Co.	01 Sep 1987	B. F. Hansen 11542
USA	Florida	Liberty Co.	11 Aug 2002	S. Myers 453
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	05 May 2015	S. Myers 1726
USA	Louisiana	Lincoln Par.	03 Apr 1975	L. Zachary 249
USA	Louisiana	Vernon Par.	25 Apr 1955	R. H. Colley 3713
USA	Mississippi	George Co.	18 Jul 1954	D. Demaree 35742
USA	Mississippi	Newton Co.	18 Sep 1954	D. Demaree 36160
USA	North Carolina	Durham Co.	08 Jul 1965	M. G. Ford 409
USA	Alabama	Montgomery Co.	21 Jun 2010	A. R. Diamond 21435
USA	South Carolina	Pickens Co.	13 Apr 2003	S. R. Hill 35089
USA	North Carolina	Caswell Co.	29 Jul 1958	C. R. Bell 13822
USA	Mississippi	Scott Co.	16 Jun 1969	S. B. Jones 16573
USA	Tennessee	Fayette Co.	29 Aug 1957	E. A. Hebb 22148
USA	Mississippi	Perry Co.	07 Jun 1967	S. B. Jones 13095
USA	Alabama	Baldwin Co.	20 May 1981	G. Wilhelm 8935
USA	Louisiana	Franklin Par.	06 Apr 1967	R. D. Thomas 2319
USA	North Carolina	Robeson Co.	20 Sep 1964	R. F. Britt 3045
USA	Louisiana	Bienville Par.	31 Mar 1971	M. L. Sharpe 261
USA	Tennessee	Cocke Co.	08 Aug 1977	P. Genelle 3048
USA	Georgia	Hall Co.	01 Oct 1955	W. H. Duncan 19671
USA	Florida	Franklin Co.	05 May 2016	S. Myers 1819
USA	Delaware	Kent Co.	03 Sep 2006	W. D. Longbottom 7830
USA	Kentucky	Lyon Co.	02 Oct 1980	L. R. Phillippe 5846
USA	Kentucky	Powell Co.	30 May 1961	J. C. Warden 21
USA	Arkansas	Clay Co.	12 Aug 1955	D. Demaree 37866
USA	Arkansas	Faulkner Co.	01 Jul 1955	D. Demaree 37123A
USA	Florida	Polk Co.	01 Jul 1963	C. F. Caudle 3245
USA	South Carolina	Fairfield Co.	06 Sep 2019	J. B. Nelson 40945
USA	South Carolina	Richland Co.	12 Sep 2017	J. B. Nelson 37562	CULTIVATED

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

FISC: Florida Invasive Species Council

FISC:

Source - Florida Invasive Species Council's 2017 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWPL: National Wetland Plant List

National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).
UPL:	Obligate Upland. Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified.

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in the state.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in the state.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in the state.
S4 - Apparently secure in the state.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in the state.
SE - State exotic or non-native.
SH - Historically known from the state, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked.
SX - Apparently extirpated from the state.

Global Rank

Each species' global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Richard Wunderlin or Bruce Hansen, Alan Franck, or Karla Alvarado

Web Development: USF Water Institute

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2024. Atlas of Florida Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ recognized herbaria are represented on this map.