Cyperus esculentus

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Family:	CYPERACEAE
Species:	Cyperus esculentus L.
Common Name:	YELLOW NUTGRASS; CHUFA FLATSEDGE
Plant Notes:	**
Status:	Not Native, FAC (DEP), FAC (NWI)

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Family	CYPERACEAE
Genus	Cyperus
Species	Cyperus esculentus L. - YELLOW NUTGRASS; CHUFA FLATSEDGE

Citation

Citation	CYPERUS ESCULENTUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 45. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	Without data (lectotype: Bauhin, Theatr. Bot. 222, ic. 1658). Lectotypified by D. A. Simpson, in C. E. Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 41. 1993.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Alachua	FLAS
Bay	FSU
Brevard	USF
Broward	USF
Charlotte	USF
Collier	USF
Dixie	FSU
Duval	FLAS
Escambia	FSU
Franklin	USF
Hernando	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Jackson	FSU
Lake	USF
Lee	USF
Leon	FLAS
Levy	USF
Manatee	USF
Martin	USF
Miami-Dade	USF
Monroe Keys	USF
Nassau	FSU
Okaloosa	USF
Orange	USF
Osceola	FLAS
Palm Beach	FLAS
Pasco	USF
Pinellas	USF
Polk	USF
Putnam	FLAS
Santa Rosa	FTG
Sarasota	FLAS
Seminole	FLAS
St. Johns	FLAS
Sumter	USF
Taylor	FSU
Volusia	USF
Wakulla	FSU

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Chlorocyperus phymatodes	Chlorocyperus phymatodes (Muhlenberg) Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 9: 69. 1903.	BASIONYM: Cyperus phymatodes Muhlenberg 1817.
Cyperus esculentus forma angustispicatus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, forma angustispicatus (Britton) Fernald, Rhodora 44: 151. 1942.	BASIONYM: Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. angustispicatus Britton 1886.
Cyperus esculentus forma macrostachyus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, forma macrostachyus (Boeckeler) Fernald, Rhodora 44: 151. 1942.	BASIONYM: Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. macrostachyus Boeckeler 1870.
Cyperus esculentus var. angustispicatus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. angustispicatus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 211. 1886.		TYPE: KENTUCKY: Fayette Co.: Lexington, s.d., Short s.n. (holotype: NY).
Cyperus esculentus var. heermannii	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. heermannii (Buckley) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 214. 1886.	BASIONYM: Cyperus heermannii Buckley 1862.
Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachys	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. leptostachys Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 290. 1870.	BASIONYM: Cyperus phymatodes Muhlenberg 1817.
Cyperus esculentus var. lutescens	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. lutescens (Torrey & Hooker) Kükenthal ex Osten, Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, ser. 2. 3(2): 145. 1931.	BASIONYM: Cyperus lutescens Torrey & Hooker 1836.
Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. macrostachyus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 291. 1870.		TYPE: TEXAS: Without data, Drummond 452 (holotype: B; isotypes: BM, K).
Cyperus esculentus var. phymatodes	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. phymatodes (Muhlenberg) Kükenthal, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 185. 1926, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. leptostachys Boeckeler 1870; Cyperus phymatodes Muhlenberg 1817.
Cyperus esculentus var. sativus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, forma sativus Boeckeler, Linnaea 36: 290. 1870, nom. inadmiss.	BASIONYM: Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus 1753.
Cyperus heermannii	Cyperus heermannii Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 10. ("1862") 1863.		TYPE: CALIFORNIA: Without data, Heermann 31882 (holotype: US).
Cyperus lutescens	Cyperus lutescens Torrey & Hooker, in Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 433. 1836.		TYPE: TEXAS: Without data, Drummond 452 (holotype: NY?).
Cyperus lutescens	Cyperus lutescens Torrey & Hooker, in Torrey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 433. 1836.		TYPE: TEXAS: Without data, Drummond 452 (holotype: NY; isotype: GH).
Cyperus phymatodes	Cyperus phymatodes Muhlenberg, Descr. Gram. 23. 1817.		TYPE: PENNSYLVANIA: Without data, Muhlenberg Herb. 28 (holotype: PH; isotype: B-W).
Cyperus phymatodes var. heermannii	Cyperus phymatodes Muhlenberg, var. heermannii (Buckley) S. Watson, Bot. Calif. 2: 215. 1880.	BASIONYM: Cyperus heermannii Buckley 1862.
Cyperus repens	Cyperus repens Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 69. 1816.		TYPE: SOUTH CAROLINA: Charleston Co.: Fields around Charleston,
Pycreus esculentus	Pycreus esculentus (Linnaeus) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(3): 147. 1932.	BASIONYM: Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus 1753.
Chlorocyperus aureus	Chlorocyperus aureus Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 9: 69. 1903, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Cyperus tenorii C. Presl 1826; Cyperus aureus Tenore 1811, non Georgi 1775.
Cyperus aureus	Cyperus aureus Tenore, Fl. Napol. 1: 8. 1811, non Georgi 1775.
Cyperus bahiensis	Cyperus bahiensis Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 35. 1854.		TYPE: BRAZIL: Bahia:
Cyperus buchananii	Cyperus buchananii Boeckeler, Beitr. Cyper. 1: 4. 1888.
Cyperus chrysostachys	Cyperus chrysostachys Boeckeler, Flora 42: 438 bis. 1859.
Cyperus cubensis	Cyperus cubensis Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 42. 1854.		TYPE: CUBA:
Cyperus damiettensis	Cyperus damiettensis A. Dietrich, Sp. Pl. 2: 262. 1832.
Cyperus esculentus var. aureus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. aureus K. Richter, Pl. Eur. 1: 135. 1890.	BASIONYM: Cyperus aureus Tenore 1811, non Georgi 1775.
Cyperus esculentus var. cyclolepis	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. cyclolepis Boeckeler ex Kükenthal, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 101): 119. 1935.		TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA: Pretoria, s.d., Rehmann 4776 (lectotype: B; isolectotype: K). Lectotypified by Schippers et al., Syst. Bot. 20: 479. 1995.
Cyperus esculentus var. helodes	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. helodes (Schrader ex Nees von Esenbeck) C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 181. 1884.	BASIONYM: Cyperus helodes Schrader ex Nees von Esenbeck 1842.
Cyperus esculentus var. nervosostriatus	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. nervosostriatus (Turrill) Kükenthal, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 101): 119. 1935.	BASIONYM: Cyperus nervosostriatus Turrill 1925.
Cyperus esculentus var. sprucei	Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus, var. sprucei C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 181. 1884.		TYPE: ECUADOR: Chanduy, s.d., Spruce 6414 (holotype: K).
Cyperus fulvescens	Cyperus fulvescens Liebmann, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5. 2: 210. 1851.		TYPE: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Trapiche de la Concepción, Jul 1842, Liebmann 14386 (lectotype: C). Lectotypified by G. C. Tucker, Syst. Bot. 11: 16. 1986.
Cyperus gracilescens	Cyperus gracilescens Schultes, Mant. 2: 100. 1824.	BASIONYM: Cyperus gracilis Link 1820, non R. Brown 1810, nec Muhlenberg 1817.
Cyperus gracilis	Cyperus gracilis Link, Jahrb. Gewaechsk. 1(3): 84. 1820, non R. Brown 1810, nec Muhlenberg 1817.
Cyperus helodes	Cyperus helodes Schrader ex Nees von Esenbeck, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 2(1): 37. 1842.
Cyperus melanorrhizus	Cyperus melanorrhizus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 50. 1813.
Cyperus nervosostriatus	Cyperus nervosostriatus Turrill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 68. 1925.		TYPE: SOUTH AFRICA: Ermelo, s.d., Burtt Davy 9237 (holotype: PRE).
Cyperus nervosus	Cyperus nervosus Bertoloni, Opusc. Sci. 3: 407. 1819.
Cyperus pallidus	Cyperus pallidus Savi, in Savi et al., Alta Mem. Raddi 23. 1830, non Link 1820.
Cyperus ruficomus	Cyperus ruficomus Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 9. ("1862") 1863.		TYPE: TEXAS: San Saba Co.:
Cyperus setigerus var. fulvescens	Cyperus setigerus Torrey & Hooker, var. fulvescens (Liebmann) Kükenthal, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 101): 97. 1935.	BASIONYM: Cyperus fulvescens Liebmann 1850.
Cyperus sieberianus	Cyperus sieberianus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 313. 1 Oct-27 Nov 1827, non Sprengel Jan-Jun 1827.		TYPE: EGYPT:
Cyperus tenorianus	Cyperus tenorianus Schultes & Schultes f., in Schultes, Mant. 3: 544. 1827, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Cyperus tenorii C. Presl 1826; Cyperus aureus Tenore 1811, non Georgi 1775.
Cyperus tenorii	Cyperus tenorii C. Presl, Fl. Sicul. 43. 1826.	BASIONYM: Cyperus aureus Tenore 1811, non Georgi 1775.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

EPPC: Exotic Pest Plant Council

EPPC:

Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWI: National list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands

Wetland Status (NWI): Source - National list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands. US Fish & Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(24). National Wetlands Inventory, US Fish & Wildlife Service. 1988.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).

A positive (+) or negative (-) sign is used with the Facultative indicator category to more specifically define the regional frequency of occurrence in wetlands. The positive sign indicates a frequency toward the higher end of the category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign indicates a frequency toward the lower end of the category (less frequently found in wetlands).

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in New York State.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable in New York State.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in New York State.
S4 - Apparently secure in New York State.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in New York State.
SE - State exotic or non-native
SH - Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked
SX - Apparently extirpated from New York State.

Global Rank

Each species’ global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

Filter by County - Counties to Include - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to include with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will be found within each of the selected counties.

Filter by County - Counties to Exclude - ANY versus ALL

Any - An Any search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean Or. Plant species returned will not be found within at least one of the selected counties.
All - An All search will combine the list of counties to exclude with a Boolean And. Plant species returned will not be found within any of the selected counties.

Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Dr. Richard Wunderlin or Dr. Bruce Hansen

Web Development: | The Florida Center for Community Design + Research

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/).[S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Search Help

Select the criterion by which you wish to search (Scientific name, Genus, Family, etc.) and enter that information into the provided field.

Hint: Correct spelling is necessary for desired results, but because this function is a string search the full name need not be entered. Any correct part of a taxon name can be entered and a choice of the correct one made from the small list of resulting matches.

For example, matching the full name exactly in a Scientific Name search for Piptochaetium avenacioides may be difficult, but strings of either tium aven or avenaci or m avenac or pipto will all result in very small lists of matches. The intended name can then be chosen from any of those lists. Usually, the last letter (or two) of a given genus, a space, and the first few correct letters of the specific epithet will provide a sufficiently short list containing the desired taxon.

A similar example in a Common Name search is Virginia snakeroot. Searching using "snake root" will yield no results due to the extra space, but searching "snake" will generate a short list of plants with the word "snake" in the common name. Furthermore, a search of "Virginia snake" or even "nia snak" yields one result: Virginia snakeroot.

If, after following the above advice, then difficulties are still encountered please use the "browse" feature.

Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp recognized herbaria are represented on this map.

Cyperus esculentus

Related Links

Classification

Citation

Source

Synonyms